Motion Force What is motion Motion a change
- Slides: 25
Motion & Force
What is motion? • Motion - a change in the position of an object • Motion is all around you! It is a dog walking, a car driving, air circulating, & the Earth revolving around the Sun! • Can you think of any more examples?
Force • Force - a push or a pull on an object • Force can cause objects to start moving, stop moving, or change direction
Push • Push - a force pressed against something to make it move forward, outward, or upward
Pull • Pull - a force that moves something toward or nearer
Push or Pull? • • • Throwing a baseball Picking up a book Rolling a ball to a friend Pedaling a bike Riding a seesaw Jumping off a diving board Shooting a basketball Opening a can of Coke Drinking out of a straw Opening a car door Removing a nail from a wall Dropping a book on the floor
Mass & Distance • Objects with less mass travel faster & go a farther distance. • Objects with more mass travel slower & go a shorter distance.
Speed it up! • Moving items speed up (accelerate) & slow down (decelerate). • The amount that an object accelerates or decelerates is determined by it mass & how much force is pushing or pulling it.
Balanced Forces • Balanced forces do NOT cause objects to move. • Example - Imagine a game of tug of war. If both teams pull the rope with the same amount of force, the rope will not move because the two forces are balanced. • Can you think of any more examples?
Useless Fact • The longest tug of war game took place between Ireland & England during the Tug of War World Championship in 1988. It lasted 24 minutes & 45 seconds!
Unbalanced Forces • Unbalanced forces cause objects to move. • Example- Think back to the game of tug of war. If one team pulls with more force than the other team, the forces are unbalanced. The team that is pulling with more force will win the game. • Can you think of any more examples?
Gravity • Gravity - a force of attraction between two objects • Gravity is a noncontact force because the two objects don’t touch each other.
Hmmm… • Gravity depends on two factors: the mass of the two objects & the distance between them. • Think about this - The Earth is the most “massive” object near us. We are pulled toward the Earth. The Sun is way more massive than the Earth. Why don’t we fly off into space toward the Sun?
Tell how gravity affects the following: • Trapeze swinger • Basketball player • Diver • Hang-glider
Friction • Friction - a force that slows down or stops moving objects • Friction is a contact force. Objects must be touching for friction to occur. • Think about this - If friction did not exist, what would happen?
Tell whether friction is being used or reduced: • • • • Grease a bike chain Butter a cake pan Rub sticks together to start a fire Grate cheese Pedal a bike Oil a door hinge Put lotion on to remove a ring Smooth wood with sandpaper Run wearing rubber-soled shoes Run wearing socks Slide down a snowy hill Slide down a grassy hill Rub your hands together to get warm
Air Resistance • Air Resistance - friction from the air • Things with a larger surface area have more air resistance. • Try this - Drop a paper wad & a flat sheet of paper at the same time. Which one lands first? WHY?
Tell whether each object is using or reducing air resistance: • Racecar • Hang-glider • Kite • Skier
Isaac Newton • Created the Three Laws of Motion
First Law of Motion • An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. • An object moving in a straight line will continue moving in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
First Law of Motion • Seatbelt • Ketchup bottle • Skateboard • Floor rug • Hockey puck
Second Law of Motion • Fancy - Motion depends on an object’s mass & the amount of force acting on it. • Duh! - Moving heavy objects requires more force than moving light objects.
Second Law of Motion • You kick a soccer ball & a brick wall. Which one moves? • Amy weighs 78 lbs. & her dad weighs 187 lbs. They go to the batting cages. Who will hit the ball farther? • Tony & Hose practice blocking tackle dummies at football practice. Tony weighs more. Which dummy will move the most? • A sports car & a delivery truck break down. The drivers need to push them to the side of the road. Which vehicle will get moved first?
Third Law of Motion • For every action there is an equal & opposite reaction.
Third Law of Motion • A girl & a boy are on skates. The girl pushes the boy. What happens? • A frog is sitting on a lily pad. It jumps. What happens? • A man paddles a boat. What happens?
- Contact vs field forces
- Vt=2pir/t
- Contact vs long range force
- What force provides centripetal force
- How does mechanical advantage work
- Unbalanced force
- Centrifugal force definition geography
- Is air resistance a contact force
- Is electric potential conservative
- Centripetal force and gravitational force
- Normal force and gravitational force
- Shear force diagram
- Weathering is an example of an external force of change
- A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
- Is mashing potatoes a physical or chemical change
- Chemical change meaning
- Absolute change and relative change formula
- Integer operations
- Differences between chemical and physical changes
- Decrease in supply vs decrease in quantity supplied
- Change in supply and change in quantity supplied
- Enagic founder
- Reactive change is change that
- What is an example of chemical and physical change
- Spare change physical versus chemical change
- Rocks change due to temperature and pressure change