Motion Analysis of Sports Performance Define motion analysis

Motion Analysis of Sports Performance

Define motion analysis. Aims Look at different motion analysis techniques. Why is motion analysis important?

Motion Analysis ‘The analysis of progressive changes of position over a period of time’ (Hamill and Knutzen, 1995)

Why is it Important? � Motion analysis is becoming a more popular area of research. � Consider why this is the case?

Why is it Important? Provides coaches and players alike with feedback on performance (Hughes, 1996). Understanding of the physiological and activity demands of sport – energy expenditure (Hughes, 1988). Provide information regarding an individual players performance throughout a game or training session (Hughes, 1996). Motion Analysis Aid coaches in team and tactical selections or styles of play utilised (Hughes, 1988). Monitoring of seasonal variations in player performances (Bompa, 1999).

Football Research � Most research has been performed within the football codes (soccer, AFL and rugby union and league) � Reilly and Thomas (1976) – mean distances for; jogging 3187 m cruising 1810 m sprinting 974 m walking 2150 m, backward movements 559 m, possession of the ball 158 m.

Why is Accuracy Important? � By finding the total distance covered in a game the energy expenditure can be calculated Reilly and Thomas (1979). � Must be accurate to give a true reflection on the physiological demands of the game. � Allows work-rest ratios and physiological requirements of the sports to be analysed (Vallis, 1998).

Methods of Motion Analysis? � Track Performance � Global Positioning Systems (GPS) � Pro Zone � PC/Video Systems (Statmaster) � Hand Notational Methods

Track Performance � Little/no literature available on it’s effectiveness – developed by Adelaide Crows AFC. � The computer software is used to track the distance covered by a player by moving the mouse around the oval on the computer screen in relation to the speeds of movement the player is actually performing. � Provides instant breakdown and feedback of player’s time and distance spent standing, walking, jogging, striding, and sprinting. � Could lead to changes in the way teams prepare for games (Craig, 2001, cited in Le Grand, 2001).

Track Performance

Video/Hand Notation Software � 20 m straight line measured with cones being placed every m. � The subject then covered the 20 m distance at walking, jogging, striding, sprinting and maximum speeds. � Each speed performed 5 times with an appropriate rest period to allow the body to recover from the exercise. � Film and time the trails using a stop watch. Calculate the mean time it takes the subject to cover the 20 m in each of the speed zones. � This information allows equations to be formed to calculate distances travelled in a game situation.

Video/Hand Notation Software � Video of a player’s movement during a game allows greater accuracy of results (Jaques and Pavia, 1974). � Notation system of the various speed zones needs to be developed. A stop watch is used to time how long the subject is spending in each locomotion speed. � The information is than able to be statistically analysed, you have the time taken to cover 20 m, use the total time to calculate total distance � For example walking 5 secs to cover 20 m. � Total time during 1 st quarter 20 secs � Total distance covered in 1 st quarter = 80 m

GPS � Literature investigating the validity of GPS motion analysis in a sports environment is becoming ever more popular. � The GPS is an accurate and reliable tool to determine the speed of displacement of humans (Schutz and Herren, 2000). � High validity in all speed zones apart from walking (Schutz and Chambers, 1997).

GPS in Practice

� In the past 4 years Manly has embraced the latest in GPS monitoring technology to achieve a 4 -year goal of becoming National champions in 2008. GPSports SPI technology was an integral part of this quest. Players were tracked every session to ensure; Every player received the appropriate training loads, individualised to their training and physical history model � Every skill and drill was rated for intensity and volume, allowing for the periodised planning of light, medium, hard and recovery weeks � Real time feedback ensured players completed the exact training load planned for them during any training day or cycle � Training sessions were based on intensity (m/min) and volume rather than time and heart rate � www. gpsports. com

Pro Zone � Novel computerised tracking system able to analyse motion characteristics and work rates during match play (Valter et al. , 2009). � Advantage over GPS as the system does not require athlete to wear a GPS backpack which is not permitted in official games/matches. � Data collected from 8 video cameras and are processed in order to quantify movement patterns and speeds.

8 Camera Positions

Pro Zone Output

Summary � Accurate motion analysis is vital to understand the physiological demands of match play. � Many systems exist to perform motion analysis – each with strengths and weaknesses regarding the validity and practicality within sport. � Further research is required within the field for certain team and individual sports.