MOTHERBOARD MOTHERBOARD n holds the processor memory and

MOTHERBOARD

MOTHERBOARD n holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. n include a small block of ROM. The ROM contains the PC’s BIOS.

BUS A bus is a channel over which information flows. The wider the bus, the more information can flow over the channel, much as a wider highway can carry more cars than a narrow one. The original ISA bus on the IBM PC was 8 bits wide.

BUS The universal ISA bus used now is 16 bits. The other I/O buses (including PCI) are 32 bits wide. The memory and processor buses on Pentium and higher PCs are 64 bits wide.

MOTHERBOARD n Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) is a computer bus standard for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard.

MOTHERBOARD n Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is a bus standard for IBM compatibles that extends the XT bus architecture to 16 bits. It is designed to connect peripheral cards to the motherboard.

MOTHERBOARD n The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a high-speed computer bus standard for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard, dedicated primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3 D computer graphics.

CPU

Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU completes a set of four basic operations: n Fetches an instruction n Decodes the instruction n Executes the instruction n Stores the results

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Control Center of the Computer The Brains of the Computer – interprets and issues instructions

Central Processing Unit (CPU) The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) is a component of the CPU which performs arithmetic, comparisons, and logical operations.

What does this mean? n 32 -bit Pentium processor with 128 megabytes of RAM and 40 gigabytes of hard disk space.

BINARY WORLD Electronic circuits can exist in only one of two states: ON or OFF. • 0 0 (OFF OFF) • 0 1 (OFF ON) • 1 0 (ON OFF) • 1 1 (ON ON) = = Decimal 0 1 2 3

Binary-coded decimal Binary coded decimal (BCD) is a numeral system used in computer memory. In BCD, numbers are represented as decimal digits, and each digit is represented by four bits: Digit Bits 0 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 Digit 5 6 7 8 9 Bits 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001

24 = 16 4 -bit (Nibble) 28 = 256 8 -bit (Byte) 16 -bit Sample 216 = 65536

Term Abbrev Kilo byte KB or K Mega byte MG Giga byte Tera byte Approx. Memory Size Exact Memory Amount Approx. # of Pages of Text 1 thousand bytes 1 million bytes 1024 bytes 50 1048576 Bytes (million) 50, 000 GB 1 billion bytes 107374182 50, 000 4 bytes (billion) TB 1 trillion bytes 109951162 50, 000, 000 7776 bytes (trillion)

AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE ASCII is a seven-bit code it uses the integers representable with seven binary digits (a range of 0 to 127 decimal) to represent information. i. e. 0000000 to 1111111

Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Binary Representation 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 14/2 7 0 7/2 3 1 3/2 1 1 1*23 = 8 + 1*22 = 4 + 1*21 = 2 + 0*20 = 0 14

BINARY on your fingertips Thanks to http: //www. dnaco. net/~ivanjs/bin 1 -7. html

010010000110100100100000010 010010010000001100001011011 01001000001010100110 100001101001001 Click here to decode