MOSALLA AS ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS LEVEL 2 TOPIC 2

MOSALLA AS ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS LEVEL 2

TOPIC 2: SAFETY PRACTICES IN THE ENGINEERING WORKPLACE LEARNING OUTCOMES: § Clean and maintain machines and tools § Clean working environments § Monitor and control orderliness and cleanliness in the workplace § Allocate suitable storage places for goods that need to be stacked § Maintain storage and stacking equipment § Apply housekeeping to demarcated areas § Identify and explain the purpose of demarcated areas

The previous learning outcome was more about clean an maintain of machines and tools, of which the importance of cleaning and maintenance of machines and tools were outlined in detailed. The clean working environment can help reduce worker sick days and prevent excessive wear and extends lifespans of machines and tools. The previous learning outcome link with this one because they address safety at workplace.

Ø Safety – the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk or injury. Ø Safety precautions – an action taken in advance to protect against possible danger, failure, or injury.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AT WORK Ø At the base of accident pyramid called safety triangle where serious workplace accident are near misses is where we must concentrate our efforts to identify what went wrong. The pyramid consists of four stages of which are: 1. Fatality – at the peak 2. Major injury – in the middle 3. Minor injury - in the middle 4. Near miss – at the base

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS OR INCIDENTS Personal factors – lack of knowledge or skills, lack of motivation and physical or mental incompatibility Work factors – failing to make use of personal protective equipment and poor lightening. Unsafe acts – working at an unsafe speed, fooling around, taking chances etc. Unsafe conditions – lack of guards, poor planning, overcrowding, poor lighting, poor ventilation, poor housekeeping etc.

CAUSES OF ACIDENTS WHEN USING POWER TOOLS § Ignoring manufacturer’s instruction manual. § Alcohol and medication § Tiredness § Lack of experience § Attitude-rough handling of tools

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR POWER TOOLS INSPECTION § Inspect tools for damage – cracks in the tool casing § Check for damaged switches § Inspect the plugs for missing covers or srew § Follow the manufacturer’s advice § Make sure the tool is switched off and unplugged before changing accessories or making adjustments § Store battery packs safely § Pull the plug, not the cord, when unplugging a tool § Adhere to good housekeeping procedures § Keep a tool in a dry, cool secure location

§ Keep power cords dry and away from water, oil, moving parts or sharp edges § Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery while using power tool § Do not leave running tool unattended § Do not use power tool in wet condition § Do not carry power tools by their cords § Do not operate power tool in any area where explosive vapours or gases may be present

BACK SAFETY AND LIFTING PROCEDURES v The steps to be followed before lifting an object: 1. Squat to lift or lower the object. 2. Keep the weight as close to your body as possible 3. Bend your back inwards and raise your head 4. If you turn, turn with your feet, not your body 5. Never jerk or twist your body 6. Put the weight down by keeping your lower back bowed in 7. Keep your feet apart 8. Wear safety shoes.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING AN ANGLE GRINDER Ø A cutting disc should not be used for grinding and vice versa Ø A disc should be used for only for material specified and the purpose for which it was designed Ø Worn disc should be discarded and never used on smaller machines Ø Check that the correct flange and locking nut are in place Ø Check that there no defects or damage to the disc Ø Discard cracked or weakened discs Ø Always use PPE Ø Use two handles when using the angle grinder Ø Never use the grinder between your legs while sitting on the floor Ø Stop the grinder at regular intervals and take short breaks to rest Ø When the grinder is not in use, disconnect the power and place the grinder on the workbench with the disc facing upwards

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING A BENCH OR A PEDESTAL GRINDER § Always wear PPE § Always use wheels that are rated consistent with the speed rating of the pedestal or bench grinder § Only dress the face of the wheels with a suitable wheel dresser. § Never use a wheel that vibrates § Never start a grinder with a work piece against the wheel § Keep your hand fingers at least 50 mm away from rotating wheel § Cool the work piece by dipping it in water § Always clean the pedestal or bench grinder work area upon completion of a grinding task

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING A DRILLING MACHINE ü Always wear PPE ü Support the underside of the work piece to be drilled ü Use a clamp or vice to fasten the work piece securely ü Insert the drill bit into the drill chuck and tightened with the chuck key ü Remove the chuck key from the chuck key before you start drilling ü When drilling deep holes, frequently raise the drill bit from the hole to remove cuttings and to allow the bit to cool ü Never stop the rotation of the drill chuck and spindle with your hands or fingers ü Disconnect the power before changing attachments ü Do not use a bent drll bit ü Keep air vents clear to maintain adequate ventilation and cooling of the motor ü Do not drill with one hand holding the other ü Drill a small hole before drilling large holes

SAFETY WITH CHEMICALS 1. You should be able to identify, use and store chemicals, solvents, gases, and explosives Chemicals used in the workplace should be stored in a special locked cupboards to prevent accidents Inorganic acids should be stored in glass containers in special acid storage cabinets that are rust-resistant 2. Chemicals used in the workplace are convenient but many give off dangerous fumes and / or are corrosive and can damage the skin and other surfaces. Three ways in which chemicals can enter the body: The substance is taken in by mouth - Ingestion The substance is taken in through the skin - Absorption The gases, vapours and fumes are breathed in through the mouth or nose - Inhalation

BASIC ELEMENTS OF HANDLING CHEMICALS 1. Read and follow the warning labels on containers 2. Train staff on the safe use and handling of chemicals 3. Read the material safety data sheets 4. Always read the instructions and follow the manufacturer’s recommendations 5. Ensure that there adequate and working fire extinguishers in the area where hazardous chemicals are kept 6. Keep a detailed list of chemicals in stock and do stock-take at least twice a year 7. Do not remove the original labels from containers 8. There should be sufficient lighting and proper ventilation in the area where hazardous substances are stored

MSDS (Material safety data sheets) – are printed pages that give you all the critical information you need about how to use, transport and store chemicals in order to protect yourself, as well as what to do in case of emergencies and exposure Explosives – are substances that react chemically by forming a large amount of gas that expands enormously and suddenly Two ways in which energy of expansion used: 1. To demolish a structure such a wall 2. To propel a movable object Commercial explosives are used in the coal and metal mining industries for blasting or drilling holes, and in civil engineering to demolish old buildings to blast away rocks to make way for a road or bridge

Please attend the following assessment activities that appear in your textbook: 1. Assessment activity 5. 1 2. Assessment activity 5. 2 3. Assessment activity 5. 3 4. Assessment activity 5. 4 5. Assessment activity 5. 5 6. Assessment activity 5. 6 7. Summative assessment of Topic 2 page 66

CONCLUSION The lesson was about safety practices when working on tools and machines and also safety precautions to be taken into consideration before and after working with tools and machinery. the following presentation will be on Basic Fire Fighting Topic 3 Thank you