Morphology 1 1 Morphology is the field within

Morphology 1 1

Morphology is the field within linguistics that studies the internal structure of words. Morphology 1 2

Morphology 1 3

¡ is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. ¡ Linguists may specialize in one of the following subparts: Morphology 1 4

Phonetics- the study of the physical aspects of sounds of human language Phonology - the study of patterns of a language's sounds Morphology - the study of the internal structure of words Syntax - the study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences Semantics - the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentences Words as units in the lexicon are the subject matter of lexicology. Morphology 1 5

Morphology 1 6

SENTENCE CLAUSE (s) Clause elements Phrase (s) (group of words) Word (s) Morpheme (s) Morphology 1 7

meaningful units. Morphology 1 8

¡ and ¡ to ¡ desk Morphology 1 9

raincoat rain + coat reader read + -er untie un- + tie. Morphology 1 10

Morphemes Meaningful elements smaller than the words. Morphology 1 11

HELPFULNESS HELP FUL NESS CORE, ROOT Morphology 1 12

v FREE MORPHEMES v BOUND MORPHEMES Morphology 1 13

v. Morphological structure of words is largely independent of their phonological structure catamaran knickerbocker Tenths - (ten, -th, -s) Morphology 1 14

BOUND MORPHEMES Prefixes Suffixes En -large Perform –ance AFFIXES Morphology 1 15

v. Only root morphemes can be free, so affixes are neccessarily bound. v. The roots are not always free. BOUND ROOTS Audi-ence Leg-ible Magn-ify Clar-ity FREE ROUTS hear-ing read-able en-large white-ness Morphology 1 16

• There also exist words which contain more than one root. • The ones formed out of two or more free roots are called COMPOUNDS BOOKCASE, MOTORBIKE, PENKNIFE, TRUCKDRIVER Morphology 1 17

v. A word can also consist of two or more bound roots ELECTROLYSIS, MICROSCOPY, ECHINODERM. v. Other words which contain one bound and one free morpheme MICROFILM, ELECTROMETER. Morphology 1 18

v. MORPHEMES v derivational vinflectional work – work(-s) work – work (-ed) vparadigm Morphology 1 19

Analytical process: Synthetical process: Doctor To a doctor doktor k doktorovi Morphology 1 20

vmany morphemes have two or more different pronounciations called ALLOMORPHS Morphology 1 21

¡ ¡ 1. 2. 3. (-s) , three pronounciations: (s) as in cats or lamps (z) as in dogs or days (iz or ez) as in horses or judges Morphology 1 22