more regulating gene expression Gene Expression is controlled
- Slides: 40
more regulating gene expression
Gene Expression is controlled at all of these steps: • DNA packaging • Transcription • RNA processing and transport • RNA degradation • Translation • Post-translational Fig 15. 1 Fig 16. 1
Gene Expression is controlled at all of these steps: • DNA packaging • Transcription • RNA processing and transport • RNA degradation • Translation • Post-translational Fig 15. 1 Fig 16. 1
Fig 23. 25 Alternate Splicing in Drosophila Sex Determination
Fig 23. 25 Alternate splicing leads to sex determination in fruit flies
m. RNA transport is an important regulatory step Molecular Biology of the Cell 4 th ed. Alberts et al. Fig 6. 40 http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/bv. fcgi? rid=mboc 4. TOC&depth=2
m. RNA can be localized to a specific parts of a cell (from Drosophila embryo) Molecular Biology of the Cell 4 th ed. Alberts et al. Fig 7. 52 http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/bv. fcgi? rid=mboc 4. TOC&depth=2
At least 3 mechanisms are involved: Molecular Biology of the Cell 4 th ed. Alberts et al. Fig 7. 98 Directed Random Degradation transport via diffusion and local cytoskeleton and trapping protection
A processed m. RNA ready for translation 5’ untranslated region Protects from degradation/ recognition for ribosome 3’ untranslated region Protects from degradation/ transport to cytoplasm
m. RNA with 3’ UTR properly localized m. RNA without 3’ UTR improperly localized Molecular Biology of the Cell 4 th ed. Alberts et al. Fig 7. 99 http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/bv. fcgi? rid=mboc 4. TOC&depth=2
Gene Expression is controlled at all of these steps: • DNA packaging • Transcription • RNA processing and transport • RNA degradation • Translation • Post-translational Fig 15. 1 Fig 16. 1
Gene Expression is controlled at all of these steps: • DNA packaging • Transcription • RNA processing and transport • RNA degradation • Translation • Post-translational Fig 15. 1 Fig 16. 1
Fig 15. 25 Regulation of iron assimilation in mammals: Regulating of Translation
Ferritin is regulated at translation Fig 15. 26
C. elegans is commonly used to study development
C. elegans development
C. elegans mutants with cells that do not develop properly.
C. elegans mutants with cells that do not develop properly. The product of these genes was found to be RNA?
Micro. RNAs (mi. RNA) are ~22 nt RNAs that play important regulatory roles Cell vol. 116, 281 -297 2004
mi. RNA expressed How do micro. RNAs control gene expression? Fig 15. 23 and mi. RNA processed to ~22 nt RNA Mature mi. RNA
A processed m. RNA ready for translation: micro. RNAs inhibit translation by binding to the 3’ end of m. RNA micro. RNA bind to 3’-UTR 5’-UTR 3’-UTR
mi. RNA expressed the 3’ end with attached micro. RNA interacts with the 5’ end, blocking translation Fig 15. 23 and mi. RNA processed to ~22 nt RNA Mature mi. RNA
mi. RNAs can lead to methylation of DNA that leads to inhibition of transcription
micro. RNAs primarily target gene products that function during development Tbl 1
tissue specific expression of mouse micro. RNA PNAS vol. 101 #1 pg 360 -365, 2004
Gene Expression is controlled at all of these steps: • DNA packaging • Transcription • RNA processing and transport • RNA degradation • Translation • Post-translational Fig 16. 1
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins can change activity
Ubiquitinization targets proteins for degradation
Some proteins function in the cytoplasm; others need to be transported to various organelles.
How can proteins be delivered to their appropriate destinations?
Fig 13. 23 Proteins are directed to their destinations via signals in the amino acid sequence
Protein Destinations: secretion or membrane
• Signal sequences target proteins for secretion
Translation of secreted proteins
Translation of membrane bound proteins
Translation of secreted or membrane bound proteins This step determines secretion or membrane bound.
Protein Destinations: nucleus Signal anywhere in protein, Translation in cytoplasm, Signal not removed
Protein Destinations: mitochondria or chloroplast Signal translated first, Translation in cytoplasm, Signal removed
Protein Destinations: signals in protein determine destination Tbl 13. 8
Next: Development- differentiating cells to become an organism
- Lirik lagu more more more we praise you
- More more more i want more more more more we praise you
- Chapter 17 gene expression from gene to protein
- Regulating body temperature
- Factors affecting stroke volume
- Piloerection
- Chapter 6 understanding the management process
- Cell cycle
- Regulating body temperature
- 10-3 regulating the cell cycle
- Glycosylamine
- Igoole
- Gene by gene test results
- Trp operon
- Gene expression omnibus tutorial
- "manuales delorenzo"
- Gene expression
- Lyonization of gene expression
- Negative control vs positive control
- Regulation of gene expression in bacteria
- Prokaryotic
- Gene expression
- What is the first step in gene expression
- Ch 18+
- Chapter 18 regulation of gene expression
- Gene expression
- Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes gene regulation
- Chapter 18 regulation of gene expression
- Rt pcr primer design
- Chapter 18 regulation of gene expression
- Gene expression
- At dna
- Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues
- Quadratic equation examples
- The more you study the more you learn
- The more i give to thee the more i have
- Aspire not to
- More choices more chances
- Newton's first law of motion examples
- Human history becomes more and more a race
- 5 apples in a basket riddle