More HTML Tags CS 1150 Fall 2016 Formatting

More HTML Tags CS 1150 Fall 2016

Formatting Elements • <b> - Bold text • <i> - Italic text • <mark> - Marked text • <small> - Small text • <sub> - Subscript text • <sup> - Superscript text

Semantic Markup • There are some text elements that are not intended to affect the structure of your webpages, but they do add extra information to the pages – they are known as semantic markup • For example, the <em> element is shown in italics in most browsers, but you should not use it to change the way that your text looks; its purpose is to describe the content of your webpages more accurately • Semantic markup information is useful to screen readers or search engines

HTML <b> and <strong> Elements • <b> is a formatting element that bolds the text, while <strong> is a semantic element • <b> This text is bold </b> • <strong> This text is strong </strong> • Browsers display <strong> as <b>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> defines bold, but <strong> means that the text is “important”

HTML <i> and <em> Elements • <i> is a formatting element that italicizes the text, while <em> is a semantic element • <i> This text is italic </i> • <strong> This text is emphasized</strong> • Browsers display <em> as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <i> defines italic, but <em> means that the text is “emphasized”

HTML <small> Elements • The HTML <small> element defines smaller text • <small> is a formatting element • <small> This text is small</small>

HTML <marked> Elements • The HTML <marked> element defines marked or highlighted text • <marked> is a formatting element • <marked> This text is marked</marked>

HTML <sub> Elements • The HTML <sub> element defines subscripted text • <sub> is a formatting element • _{This text is subscripted}

HTML <sup> Elements • The HTML <sup> element defines superscripted text • <sub> is a formatting element • ^{This text is superscripted}

HTML <del> Elements • The HTML <del> element defines deleted or strike-through text • <del> is a semantic element • <del> This text is deleted</del>

HTML <ins> Elements • The HTML <ins> element defines inserted or underlined text • <ins> is a semantic element • <ins> This text is inserted</ins>

Other Semantic Elements • • • In addition to <strong> and <em>, there are other semantic elements that describe extra information about the text <blockquote> indicates to the browser that there is a long quote present <q> indicates a shorter quote <abbr> indicates an abbreviation or acronym <cite> indicates a reference to a piece of work like a book or film <dfn> indicates a the defining instance of a new term

White Space Collapsing • When the browser comes across two or more spaces next to each other, it only displays one space • Similarly, if it comes across a line break, it treats that as a single space too • This is known as white space collapsing

Line Breaks • If you want to add a line break inside the middle of a paragraph, you can use the line break tag • The line break element is known as an empty element – it does not have an opening and closing tag, but instead has only one tag • <p. The Earth gets one hundred tons heavier every day due to falling space dust. </p>

Horizontal Rules • To create a break between themes, such as a change of topic in a book or a new scene in a play, you can add a horizontal rule between sections using the <hr /> tag • The horizontal rule element is known as an empty element – it does not have an opening and closing tag, but instead has only one tag • <p>Section One<hr />Section Two</p>

Helpful Links • • http: //www. w 3 schools. com/html_formatting. asp Example files formatting and semantic elements: • • https: //www. cs. mtsu. edu/~crn 2 k/public/courses/1150/formatting_semantic_elements. html https: //www. cs. mtsu. edu/~crn 2 k/public/courses/1150/more_semantic_elements. html Example file for white space collapsing https: //www. cs. mtsu. edu/~crn 2 k/public/courses/1150/spaces. html Example file for line breaks and horizontal rules https: //www. cs. mtsu. edu/~crn 2 k/public/courses/1150/breaks. html