moral development Affective aspect Superego Behavioral aspect modeling
第十二章 道德發展(moral development)
一、研究道德發展的面向 (一)情感(Affective aspect): Superego (二)行為(Behavioral aspect): modeling (三)認知(Cognitive aspect): moral reasoning
二、情感(Affective aspect): superego( pp. 477) 心理分析理論(Psychoanalytic theory) n 3 -6歲 n 戀母情結(Oedipus complex) n /戀父情結(Electra complex) n 認同(identification) n 內化(internalization) n Moral development 5 -6歲完成,於兒童中期 superego加強
四、認知(Cognitive aspect): moral reasoning (p. 485 -486) (一)Piaget’s 道德發展理論(pp. 485486) n 5 -13歲彈珠遊戲和故事 n n 他律道德或道德現實觀(heteronomous morality or moral realism)(5 -10歲) 自律道德或合作道德(autonomous morality or morality of cooperation) (10 歲—)
(二)Kohlberg的道德發展理論 (pp. 485 -486, 489 -491) 1. 道德兩難情境(Moral dilemmas)( p. 488)
2. 時期 (pp. 489 -491) Level 1: 前成規期( Preconventional morality) n Stage 1: 處罰與服從取向( Punishment-and-obedience orientation) n Stage 2: 具目的取向(The instrument purpose orientation) n
Level 2: 成規時期 (Conventional morality) n Stage 3: 乖男巧女取向(Good boy” or “good girl” orientation) n Stage 4: 維持社會秩序(Social – order-maintaining morality) n
n n n Level 3: 後成規期( Postconventional morality) Stage 5: 社會契約取向(The social-contract orientation) Stage 6: 世界倫理、個人良心原則 (The universal ethical principle orientation)
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