Moon and Eclipse Notes Phases The different shapes

Moon and Eclipse Notes

• Phases – The different shapes of the moon you see from Earth. The phase you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth.

• Why do we have “phases of the moon”? – The moon orbits around the Earth – The reflected light changes shape – Because of its position in relation to the Sun and Earth • So…. . Crescent = lighted part Waning = decreasing Waxing = increasing Gibbous = bulging

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• Rotation – The spinning of a planet on its axis. Earth has a complete rotation in 24 hours – this causes day and night. • Revolution – The movement of an object around another. One complete revolution of Earth around the Sun is called a year. • Orbit – The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space. Earth’s orbit is not quite circular – it is slightly elongated/ellipse.

• Solar Eclipse occurs when the Moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun. • Solar eclipses of any kind can only take place at New Moon. • A total eclipse is visible from the darkest part of the Moon’s shadow – the umbra. From the penumbra a partial eclipse is seen.

SOLAR ECLIPSE-New Moon NEW MOON SUN UMBRA EARTH PENUMBRA

• Lunar Eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the shadow of the Earth. • The Moon darkens as it enters the shadow and generally appears a reddish-orange color. This color results from the refraction of sunlight by the Earth’s atmosphere. It changes if there are unusually large amounts of dust in the air, e. g. a volcanic eruption. • Lunar eclipses are much more common than total solar eclipses.

LUNAR ECLIPSE-Full Moon FULL MOON SUN EARTH UMBRA PENUMBRA

• Umbra – The area in which the shadow of an object (the Moon and Earth) is total. Cone shaped; the very darkest part of the moon’s shadow. • Penumbra – The area in which the shadow of an object (the Moon and Earth) is partial. The larger part of the moon’s shadow.