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<month year> doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Project: IEEE P 802.

<month year> doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Project: IEEE P 802. 15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [I 2 R CFP Presentation for 802. 15. 3 a UWB Alt-PHY] Date Submitted: [5 May, 2003] Source: [Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand] Company [Institiute for Infocomm Research (Singapore)] Address [20 Science Park Road, #02 -34/37 Teletech Park, Singapore 117674] Voice: [(65)6870 -9309], FAX: [(65)6779 -5441], E-Mail: [chinfrancois@i 2 r. a-star. edu. sg] Abstract: [This contribution describes a proposal for high-rate wireless personal area network PHY layer approach based on sub-band hopping system architecture. The system has variable data / sampling rates to address numerous application / power / complexity requirements; flexible spectrum management techniques to adapt, to different regulatory environments; good performance in the presence of multipath and multiple access interference especially with channel equalisation. ] Purpose: [This contribution is submitted to the IEEE 802. 15. 3 a task group for consideration as a possible solution for high-rate, short-range WPAN applications. ] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P 802. 15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P 802. 15. Submission 1 <author>, <company>

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Outline • • •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Outline • • • Key features Multi-band plan Variable pulse rate Multi-band PHY Frame structure & Preamble RF & Baseband Architecture Performance Analysis Implementation feasibility Coexistence & Interference Plans Self evaluation Submission 2 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Key Features • Uses

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Key Features • Uses multiband approach – Available spectrum is divided into multiple bands – PNC ID based Time-frequency sub-band hopping sequence for uncoordinated piconets – Frequency agility for interference mitigation – Flexible spectrum usage – Compatible with existing wireless PAN/LAN standards • High spectral efficiency – QPSK modulation for data within each band – Reed-Solomon outer code + Quadrature M-ary Orthogonal Keying (QMOK) inner code – Multi-channel equaliser per subband to suppress ISI and interference from simultaneously operating piconets (SOP) • Variable pulse rate transmission – Variable data / sampling rates to cater to different power / complexity requirements Submission 3 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Multiband Approach • Divide

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Multiband Approach • Divide spectrum into multiple bands – 13 subbands • Lower frequency group has 7 subbands • Higher frequency group has 6 subbands – Reference clock as 11 MHz – Chip rate per subband is 308 MHz (= 28*11) • Chip duration ~3. 25 ns – Rectified cosine pulse shaping filter • ~ 622 MHz wide bands to best utilize the spectrum – Inter-band spacing is 539 MHz (= 1. 75*308) Submission 4 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Band Allocation Plan High

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Band Allocation Plan High Frequency Group Low frequency group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ~ ~ 0 8 9 10 11 12 Sacrifice one band for WLAN coexistence (depending on geographical location) Possible interferences: 802. 11 interference in Japan (4. 9 -5. 25 GHz) (Band 2) and in Europe/US (5. 15 -5. 825 GHz) (Band 3 & 4) Band No Lower (Centre) Upper Fr. 0 3308 (3619) 3930 7 7081 (7392) 7703 1 3847 (4158) 4469 8 7620 (7931) 8242 2 4386 (4697) 5008 9 8159 (8470) 8781 3 4925 (5236) 5547 10 8698 (9009) 9320 4 5464 (5775) 6086 11 9237 (9548) 9860 5 6003 (6314) 6625 12 9776 (10087) 10398 6 6542 (6853) 7164 Submission Frequency in MHz 5 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Band Allocation Plan •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Band Allocation Plan • 13 active frequency bands for transmission • Divided into lower (band 0 -6) and upper (band 7 -12) frequency groups – One band in the lower group is avoided for co-existence with 802. 11 a WLAN • Centre frequencies selected for ease of implementation • Both groups can be used in parallel to increase the bit rate Submission 6 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Transmit Pulse Shape •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Transmit Pulse Shape • Rectified cosine pulse as pulse shape filter – Pulse width ~ 3. 25 ns (=1/ 308 MHz = 1/(28*11 MHz)) – ~ 622 MHz wide bands to best utilize the spectrum Submission 7 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Time-Frequency Hopping Sequence for

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Time-Frequency Hopping Sequence for Multiple Access • Length 6 time-frequency sequence • Random sequences can be used – Possible number of hopping sequence is 720 (= 6!) – Various degree of collision from multiple devices will be resolved using oversampling multi-channel equalizer • Sequence can be determined by piconet coordinator’s (PNC) ID – Faster piconet establishment • Linear congruency design is an good method to design sequences that will minimise impact of multiple access interference • All Beacons will have a fixed TF Hopping Sequence for easy detection Submission 8 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Variable pulse rate Multi-band

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Variable pulse rate Multi-band PHY • Supports 3 pulse rates – 77/154/308 MHz – Sampling frequency is 4*PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency) – Independent of total number of subband available, few subbands means shorter PRI – Adaptive sampling rates for better power utilization – Oversampling for multi-channel equalisation to provide effective ISI suppression when operating in channels with large delay spread and interference suppression when operating under simultaneous operating piconets Submission 9 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Variable pulse rate (for

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Variable pulse rate (for 6 -band) Sampling instance • PRl/subband is inversely proportional to chip rates – 19. 5 ns: – 39 ns: – 78 ns: 6 pulses, each with pulse width ~3. 25 ns for 308 Mcps 6 pulses, each with pulse width ~3. 25 ns for 154 Mcps 6 pulses, each with pulse width ~3. 25 ns for 77 Mcps • Sampling frequency changes with chip rate (= 4*chip rate) so as to reduce ADC power consumption at lower data rate Submission 10 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Operation Modes and Payload

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Operation Modes and Payload Bit Rates Mode Modulation Index Reed-S Coding Rate QMOK Coding Rate Pulse Rate [Mpps] Sub-Band PRI [ns] Payload Bit Rate [Mbps] (6 -band example) 0 QPSK 1 (Nil) Repetition code x #bands 154 39 25. 67 1 QPSK 221/255 4/8 77 78 67 2 QPSK 221/255 ¾ 77 78 100 3 QPSK 221/255 4/8 154 39 133 4 QPSK 221/255 ¾ 154 39 200 5 QPSK 221/255 4/8 308 19. 5 267 6 QPSK 221/255 ¾ 308 19. 5 400 7 QPSK 221/255 1 308 19. 5 533 • Mode 0 for beacons & headers, with same information in all subbands • PHY header data rate field mapped to Operation mode index • In each operation mode, different number of sub-bands can be used, and the payload bit rate will be proportional to #subbands used Submission 11 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Preamble Modulation & Symbol

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Preamble Modulation & Symbol Rate Op. Modulation Mode Index Reed-S Coding Rate QMOK Coding Rate Pulse Rate [Mpps] Sub-Band PRI [ns] Preamble Symbol Rate [Mbps] (6 bands example) 1&2 QPSK 1 (Nil) Repetition code x #bands 77 78 12. 83 3&4 QPSK 1 (Nil) Repetition code x #bands 154 39 25. 67 5, 6&7 QPSK 1 (Nil) Repetition code x #bands 308 19. 5 51. 33 • Preamble has same pulse rate as payload information Submission 12 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Frame structure Packet overhead

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Frame structure Packet overhead parameters for data throughput comparison • Features – Preamble: CAZAC symbols repeated on all subbands – Headers: Fixed pulse rate at 154 Mpps – Payload bits: RS outer coded + QMOK inner coded • No structural change for existing 15. 3 frame definition – Same MAC header and HCS definition – PHY header data rate field mapped to Operation mode index Submission 13 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Preamble Definition • 16

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Preamble Definition • 16 CAZAC sequences • CCA/packet detection • Timing acquisition 10 CAZAC Sequences • Channel estimation • Channel equalisation • SIR estimation / Link quality assessment 5 CAZAC Sequences • End of preamble delimiter 1 inverted CAZAC Sequence Submission 14 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Preamble Sequence • Use

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Preamble Sequence • Use cyclic shifted CAZAC sequence for preamble on different subbands for rapid acquisition 1 C 0 C 1 C 2 C 12 Subband # 2 C 6 3 C 8 C 7 C 9 4 C 11 C 10 C 14 5 C 0 C 15 C 3 6 C 14 C 13 C 5 C 4 3. 25 ns CAZAC Sequence: C 0 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 1+j 1+j -1+j -1 -j 1+j 1 -j -1+j Submission 15 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Coding & Interleaving Data

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Coding & Interleaving Data RS coding Quadrature orthogonal keying Block Interleaver To RF Scrambling code Preamble – Inner code: Reed-Solomon Code (221, 255) • To overcome burst errors – Outer code: Quadrature M-ary Orthogonal Keying (QMOK) • 4/8 rate and ¾ rate selection • Power efficient modulation • Walsh-Hadamard Orthogonal code – Fast Hadamard Transforms exist with low latency and low complexity – Scrambler • Same as that in 15. 3 standard Submission 16 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Quadrature M-ary Orthogonal Keying

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Quadrature M-ary Orthogonal Keying (example 4/8 rate code) Ai consists of 4 bits A 6 A 4 A 2 A 0 A 7 A 6 A 5 A 4 A 3 A 2 A 1 A 0 4 4 4 4 B 6 B 4 B 0 B 2 4 4 4 4 Mapping 8 8 8 8 4 A 7 A 5 A 3 A 1 B 7 B 5 B 3 B 1 Symbol (In) Symbol (Out) 0000 -1 -1 1000 1 1 1 1 0001 -1 1 1001 1 -1 1 – 1 0010 -1 -1 1 1 1010 1 1 – 1 – 1 0011 -1 1011 1 – 1 – 1 1 0100 -1 -1 1 1 1100 1 1 – 1 – 1 0101 -1 1 – 1 1101 1 – 1 – 1 1 0110 -1 -1 1 1 -1 – 1 1110 1 1 – 1 – 1 1 1 0111 -1 -1 1 1111 1 -1 – 1 1 1 -1 Submission I 17 Q Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 RF Transmitter Architecture Lower

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 RF Transmitter Architecture Lower frequency band Data I 90 o Data Q Bit sequence from QMOK encoder De-MUX Subband select LO 1 Data I 90 o Data Q PNC ID based TF Subband Hopping Seq. • Subband select LO 2 Upper frequency band (Optional) Upper frequency band may be in parallel to achieve high data rate Submission 18 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Receiver RF Architecture &

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Receiver RF Architecture & Noise Figure Gain Control Antenna Quad. Mixer BPF LPF I LNA VGA -90° LPF Q LO (Frequency depends on subband selector) BPF LNA and VGA Quad. Mixer LPF Gain (d. B) -2 20 7 -2 N. F. (d. B) 2 3. 5 7 2 Cascaded (d. B) 2 5. 58 Submission 19 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Receiver Baseband Architecture From

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Receiver Baseband Architecture From RF ADC Multichannel Equalizer: Scrambling code Multi. De. Int. channel Equalizer W Demux. Into Subband eqr Adaptive MMSE QMOK Demap RS decoding For Subband #1 P / S W Adaptive MMSE Submission 20 For Subband #6 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Multi-Channel Equalizer • Each

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Multi-Channel Equalizer • Each of the parallel subband has a multi-channel MMSE Equalizer • Each equalizer takes in the 4 oversamples within each Pulse Repetition Interval, and combine with a 4 -tap weight to give a output complex symbol • Each equaliser can suppress self-interference due to same sub-band – upto 3 inter-pulse interference under large channel delay spread • ~60 ns for CM 1 & CM 2 • ~120 ns for CM 3 • ~240 ns for CM 4 • Each equaliser can suppress upto 3 simultaneously operating piconets (SOP) interferers using the same sub-band • Recursive Least Square (RLS) adaptive algorithm is a good candidate for the mutli-channel MMSE equalizer – Fast convergence – Efficient implementation Submission 21 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Multi-Channel Equalizer - Complexity

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Multi-Channel Equalizer - Complexity • Each of the parallel subband has a multi-channel MMSE Equalizer with Recursive Least Square (RLS) adaptive algorithm • RLS can be implemented using systolic array structure • Each array cell can be implemented in pipeline fashion Submission 22 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Performance analysis • •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Performance analysis • • Link Budget PHY-SAP Throughput System Performance Simultaneously Operating Piconets Submission 23 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Link budget (6 -band)

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Link budget (6 -band) Submission 24 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Frame Duration & PHY-SAP

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Frame Duration & PHY-SAP Throughput Submission 25 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode 1 (67 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221) + 4/8 -rate QMOK) • 100 CM 4 channels / 6 -Band / NF = 7 d. B / Imp. Loss = 5 d. B Submission 26 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode 3 (133 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221) + 4/8 -rate QMOK) • 100 CM 3 channels / 6 -Band / NF = 7 d. B / Imp. Loss = 5 d. B Submission 27 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode 3 (133 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221) + 4/8 -rate QMOK) • 100 CM 4 channels / 6 -Band / NF = 7 d. B / Imp. Loss = 5 d. B Submission 28 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode 5 (267 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221) + 4/8 -rate QMOK) • 100 CM 2 channels / 6 -Band / NF = 7 d. B / Imp. Loss = 5 d. B Submission 29 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance • Mode 7 (533 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221)) • 100 CM 1 channels / 6 -Band / NF = 7 d. B / Imp. Loss = 5 d. B Submission 30 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance Equaliser vs

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance Equaliser vs RAKE (Mode 1 & 3) Mode 1 (67 Mbps) Mode 3 (133 Mbps) • Performance gap widens when channel delay spread increases – MMSE equaliser can better suppress ISI Submission 31 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance Equaliser vs

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 System Performance Equaliser vs RAKE (Mode 5 & 7) Mode 5 (267 Mbps) Mode 7 (533 Mbps) • RAKE receiver performance is ISI-limited (cannot achieve 8% FER however short the link distance is) • Performance gap widens when channel delay spread increases and Eb/No requirement increases (as in Mode 7) Submission 32 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets • Objective: evaluate the multipath performance in the presence of multiple uncoordinated piconets under the effects of – Choice of Time-Frequency Hopping Sequence – MMSE channel equalisation vs RAKE • Performance Results – dint/dref for each reference link in a given CM, each reference link over each interfering link in another given CM • e. g. 25 dint/dref values for 5 ref CM 3 x 5 int CM 4 – PER vs. dint/dref, averaged over all reference links in a given CM, each reference link over all interfering links in another given CM • e. g. 1 set of PER vs. dint/dref values for 5 ref CM 3 x 5 int CM 4 – the minimum value of dint/dref for which the average PER is 8%, averaged over all reference links in a given CM, each reference link over all interfering links in another given CM • e. g. 1 dint/dref value for 5 ref CM 3 x 5 int CM 4 Submission 33 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets • All reference and interference links are normalised to unit energy • Reference link distance (dref) was half the 8% PER distance (notionally giving 6 d. B margin) • Interfering link distance (dint) was varied from 8* dref to dref /8 • Measure PER as a function of the ratio of dint to dref Submission 34 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets • Ref. and interference link – – Reference link: Channel 1 -5 from each CM 1 -4 1 st interference link: Channel 6 -10 from each CM 1 -4 2 nd interference link: Channel 11 -15 from each CM 1 -4 3 rd interference link: Channel 16 -20 from each CM 1 -4 • 2 nd and 3 rd interference link do not use AWGN channels as stated in selection criteria, as it may not be realistic enough • 5 sets of Interference link channels – Channel 6, 11, 16 of each interfering CMs represents first set – Channel 7, 12, 17 of each interfering CMs represents second set, etc – E. g. When N=2, channel 6&11 will be used for 1 st and 2 nd interference links for first SOP interference scenario; channel 7&12 for second SOP interference scenario, etc Submission 35 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets Effect

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets Effect of TF Hopping Sequence Collision Submission 36 Piconet # '1 x N' 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 3 5 6 2 4 2 1 4 6 5 3 2 1 5 4 2 6 3 3 ‘B x 1' 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 3 5 6 2 4 2 5 3 2 1 4 6 3 4 2 6 3 1 5 0 Piconet # 5 collision patterns • '1 x N' - desired piconet has full collision (from all SOP) in only 1 specific subband • 'B x 1' - desired piconet has at most one collision in each sub-band • 'B x N' - desired piconet has full collisions in all subbands (worst case) • 'B x 1/2' - desired piconet has “ 1/2” collision (by ringing down subband transmitted one PRI earlier in another SOP) in all subbands • 'B x 1/3' - desired piconet has “ 1/3” collision (by ringing down subband transmitted two PRI earlier in another SOP) in all subbands Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets Effect

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets Effect of TF Hopping Sequence Collision ‘B x 1/3' 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 Piconet # ‘B x N' 3 Piconet # ‘B x 1/2' 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 1 3 Submission 37 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets • Mode 3 (133 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221) + 4/8 -rate QMOK) • 5 CM 3 ref. Channels x 5 CM 1 int. Channels Submission 38 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets • Mode 3 (133 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221) + 4/8 -rate QMOK) • 5 CM 3 ref. Channels x 5 CM 2 int. Channels Submission 39 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets • Mode 3 (133 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221) + 4/8 -rate QMOK) • 5 CM 3 ref. Channels x 5 CM 3 int. Channels Submission 40 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Simultaneously Operating Piconets • Mode 3 (133 Mbps payload, QPSK, RS (255, 221) + 4/8 -rate QMOK) • 5 CM 3 ref. Channels x 5 CM 4 int. Channels Submission 41 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 SOP – Performance Analysis

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 SOP – Performance Analysis • # interfering SOP – Performance gets worse when # interfering SOP increases • Equaliser vs RAKE – Considerable performance gap • 5 x difference in dint/dref for CM 1, CM 2 • 3 x difference in dint/dref for CM 3, CM 4 – Each sub-band equaliser can suppress self-interference due to same sub -band – Each sub-band equaliser can suppress upto 3 simultaneously operating piconets (SOP) interferers using the same sub-band • Effect of TF Hopping Sequence collision – ‘B x N’ worst performance – ‘ 1 x N’, ‘B x 1/2 ‘ similar performance – ‘B x 1/3’ > ‘ 1 x N’, ‘B x 1/2‘ > ‘B x N’ Submission 42 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 SOP performance analysis –

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 SOP performance analysis – impact on system design • Adaptive equaliser – Activate adaptive multi-channel equalisation algorithm in the presence of SOP to improve performance • Choice of Time-Frequency Hopping Sequence – Avoid ‘B x N’ full collision from SOP in all subbands – Random Time-Frequency Hopping Sequence based on PNC’s ID is sufficient Submission 43 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Implementation Feasibility • The

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Implementation Feasibility • The proposed multi-band approach is designed to reduce the complexity and power consumption – Re-use of same circuitry for different sub-bands leads to lesser silicon area due to non-overlapped timing between sub-bands • Shared LO, ADC, equalizer, etc. . – ADCs with lower sampling rate due for lower pulse rate, for lower data rate – reduction in number of bits requirement for ADC • 4 -tap equalizer and ‘QMOK decoding/despreading processing’ allows the system to work satisfactorily even with four-bit ADCs Submission 44 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Scalability • Power consumption

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Scalability • Power consumption – ADC sampling rate is proportional to pulse rate, thus lower power at lower date rate – Data rate increases with the number of bands used in the transceiver, while system complexity remains the same • Simultaneous transmission in low and high frequency groups to double data rate – Increases the cost of transmitter and receiver due to the presence of a second local oscillator and an additional receiver chain Submission 45 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Coexistence Plans • Static

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Coexistence Plans • Static control – Frequency band for the devices should be configurable through software based on the geographic locations • Dynamic control – UWB device will detect possible narrowband interference and avoid the corresponding bands • WLAN 802. 11 a bands – Respective bands are avoided • E. g: In Japan (4. 9 -5. 25 GHz) in Europe/US (5. 15 -5. 825 GHz) Submission 46 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Narrowband Interference Plans •

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Narrowband Interference Plans • Sub-bands should be scanned periodically to detect narrowband interference – Rely on adjacent channel rejection of filters + receiver signal processing (e. g. multi-channel equaliser) to overcome • Robust RF front end design – Antenna – Filters – Component linearity requirements Submission 47 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Flexibility • Individual devices

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Flexibility • Individual devices are adapted to interference without coordination with other devices • Easy adaptation for different regulatory environments – Simply avoid the affected sub-band within geographical area Submission 48 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Location awareness • Accuracy

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Location awareness • Accuracy and precision of ranging using UWB devices – Is independent of “turn-around time” of the transmitter/receiver. – Can rely on sub-ns transceiver clocking circuits. – Is nearly independent of chosen UWB pulse width. • Location information is calculated based on simultaneous exchange of two messages between devices – Time differences between sending and receiving messages are computed for both the devices – The physical distance between devices are proportional to the time difference Submission 49 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Self evaluation Submission 50

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/107 r 2 Self evaluation Submission 50 Francois Chin, Madhukumar, Xiaoming Peng, Sivanand, I 2 R