Month 2000 August 2004 doc IEEE 802 11

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Routing Protocols for MANET Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Mesh. Networks Inc. Michael Bahr, Siemens Corporate Technology Submission 1 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Overview • Introduction • Different Routing Protocols – Reactive Routing Protocols – Proactive Routing Protocols – Hybrid Routing Protocols • • IETF MANET Group Other Active work 802. 11 s and MANET Conclusion Submission 2 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Introduction Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) • Collection of wireless mobile nodes • Without using a pre-existing infrastructure • Routes between nodes may potentially contain multiple hops This presentation • Considers only routing protocols discussed in IETF MANET working group Submission 3 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Typical Ad hoc Network G F H A J C E Node B D Submission Transmission Range I 4 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Different Routing Protocols • Proactive Routing Protocols • Reactive Routing Protocols • Hybrid Routing Protocols Submission 5 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Proactive Routing Protocols • Main features: – Maintain routing information on all nodes in the network at all times. This can be achieved by event driven routing information distribution and regular distribution of updated routing information. • Advantages: – Lower route setup latency • Disadvantages: – High routing overhead (periodic distribution of routing information) – Stale routing information in highly dynamic topologies. • Protocol examples: – Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) – Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse Path Forwarding (TBRPF) Submission 6 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Reactive Routing Protocols • Main features: – maintain routing information for the nodes which are needed and only for the time when they are needed (Also called on-demand routing protocols. ) • Advantages: – Lower routing overhead • Disadvantages: – Larger route set up latency – Route discovery packet flooding • Protocol examples: – Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) – Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) Submission 7 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Hybrid Routing Protocols • Main features: – The routing is proactive for short distances and reactive for long distances. • Advantages: – Reduces impact of disadvantages of proactive and reactive routing protocols – No route setup latency for short distance connections – Lower routing overhead due to reactive routing for further away destinations • Disadvantages: – More complex • Protocol examples: – Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Submission 8 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 IETF MANET Working Group Description: • To standardize IP routing protocol functionality suitable for wireless routing application within both static and dynamic topoligies • In the past, focused on exploring a broad range of MANET problems, performance issues, and related candidate protocols • Promotion of a number of core routing protocol specifications to EXPERIMENTAL RFC status • http: //www. ietf. org/html. charters/manet-charter. html Submission 9 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 IETF MANET Working Group Current Status: • Reached all milestones • 3 Experimental RFCs (AODV – RFC 3561, OLSR – RFC 3626, TBRPF – RFC 3684) • DSR submitted as Experimental RFC • Recharter in November – decide on single reactive routing protocol and on single proactive routing protocol – aspects of security and congestion control in the designed routing protocol/protocols. • OSPF-MANET in OSPF working group Submission 10 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Example of a Proactive Routing Protocol • Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) • Experimental RFC 3626 • Authors: Thomas Clausen, Philippe Jacquet, et al, Project Hipercom, INRIA (France) Submission 11 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 OLSR • Optimization of pure link state protocol – Reduced size of control packets (Only links to multipoint relay selector nodes are advertised) – Minimized flooding (only multipoint relay (MPR) nodes forward the packets) Submission 12 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 MPR Selection Reference Node One Hop Neighbors Two Hop Neighbors Submission 13 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 MPR Selection Selected MPRs Submission 14 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 MPR Selection MPR can reach all the two hop neighborhood Submission 15 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 MPR Selection MPR can reach all the two hop neighborhood Submission 16 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 OLSR Neighbor Sensing G • Periodic Hello messages detect the 2 hop neighborhood F H A J C E B D Submission I 17 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Multi Point Relay Selection • MPR nodes are selected G F H A C J E B D Submission K I 18 reference node 1 -hop neighbors Multi Point Relays 2 -hop neighbors Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Multi Point Relay Selection • Only Multi Point Relays (MPRs) retransmit broadcast packets from their MPR selector G F H A C J E B D Submission K I 19 reference node 1 -hop neighbors Multi Point Relays 2 -hop neighbors Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Topology Info Dissemination • EVERY node MPRbroadcasts its links between itself and neighbors that selected this node as MPR G F H A C J E B D Submission K I 20 reference node 1 -hop neighbors Multi Point Relays 2 -hop neighbors Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Topology Info Dissemination • EVERY node MPRbroadcasts its links between itself and neighbors that selected this node as MPR G F H A C J E B D Submission K I 21 reference node 1 -hop neighbors Multi Point Relays 2 -hop neighbors Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Path Computation • iterative shortest path algorithm using information from neighbor table and topology table G F H A C J E B D Submission K I 22 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Route Break • compute new MPR set • broadcast TC message G F H A C J Link Break E B D Submission K I 23 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Route Break • compute new MPR set • broadcast TC message • compute new path G F H A C J Link Break E B D Submission K I 24 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Example of a Reactive Routing Protocol • Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) • Experimental RFC 3561 • Authors: Charles Perkins, Elizabeth Belding -Royer, Samir Das Submission 25 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV Main Functions • Route Discovery • Route Maintenance • Uses Destination Sequence Number to avoid loops and “Counting to Infinity” problem Submission 26 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G F H A C J E B D Submission K I 27 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G A – Source F J - Destination H A C J E B D Submission K I 28 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G ‘A’ Broadcast a route request (RREQ) packet with Initial TTL =1 F H A C J E Broadcast RREQ B D Submission K I 29 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G Nodes receiving the RREQ sets up Reverse Routes to the source F H A C J E Broadcast RREQ B Reverse Route D Submission K I 30 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G ‘A’ times out and re-broadcast a Route Request (RREQ) packet with TTL = 2 F H A C J E Broadcast RREQ B Reverse Route D Submission K I 31 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G Other Nodes Rebroadcasts the Route Request (RREQ) packet F H A C J E B D Submission K I 32 Note: Nodes B, C and F receives RREQ Multiple times but forward it only once Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G ‘A’ times out and re-broadcast a Route Request (RREQ) packet with TTL = 4 F H A C J E Broadcast RREQ B Reverse Route D Submission K I 33 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G Route Request Eventually Reaches the Destination J F H A C J E Broadcast RREQ B Reverse Route D Submission K I 34 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G Destination send route Reply (RREP) back to source using the reverse route F H A RREP C J E B D Submission K I 35 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G Node Receiving the RREP sets up a Forward Path to the Destination F H A C J E Route Reply B Forward Path D Submission K I 36 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G Node Receiving the RREP sets up a Forward Path to the Destination F H A C J E Route Reply B Forward Path D Submission K I 37 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G Node Receiving the RREP sets up a Forward Path to the Destination F H A C J E ‘A’ now has a route to ‘J’ B D Submission K I 38 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G A can now use the forward route created F H A C J E B D Submission K I 39 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G F H A C J E B D Submission K I 40 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G B – Source F J - Destination H A C J E B D Submission K I 41 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G ‘B’ Broadcast a route request (RREQ) packet F H A C J E B D Submission K I 42 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G ‘A’ and ‘C’ replies F H A RREP C B E RREP D Submission J K I 43 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Discovery G ‘B’ picks the minimum hop route (which is through C) F H A C J E B D Submission K I 44 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Error G A – Source F J - Destination H A C J E B D Submission K I 45 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Break G Data is flowing between A and J F H A C J E B D Submission K I 46 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Error G Link between E and J breaks due to F H A • RF reasons, or C J Link Break E • movement B D Submission K I 47 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Error G All nodes maintain a precursor list of nodes who might use a link F H A C J Link Break E B D Submission K I 48 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Error G Route Error message is sent to the source F H A C J Link Break E B D Submission K I 49 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 AODV: Route Error G Route to J is removed and Route Discovery is reinitiated F H A C J Link Break E B D Submission K I 50 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 IRTF RRG Ad hoc Network Systems Research Subgroup • Study of Ad hoc Network Systems (ANS) • Inter-layer Protocol Interaction, Quality of Service Routing, Routing Scalability, Network Auto-Configuration, Interoperation with a wired infrastructure • Currently not very active • http: //www. flarion. com/ans-research/ Submission 51 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Difference between IEEE 802. 11 s and IETF MANET 802. 11 s • • • • Layer 3 Distributed Architecture Hop Based Metrics No Qo. S No Security Standard No Multicast Standard Mobility? Up to Large Scale Submission 52 Layer 2 Presence of Gateways LQ/Hop Based Metrics Qo. S Security Multicast Mobility? Reduced Scale Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Current Research • Link Quality (MIT) • Integration of MANETs into existing Internet (several Internet drafts, EU project “Daidalos”) • Security • Energy-awareness Submission 53 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 Conclusion • Many general insights into routing/path finding • Many concepts available, each with its advantages and disadvantages • Concepts and experiences from MANETs can be used for TGs Submission 54 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.

Month 2000 August 2004 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -00/1047 r 0 References • • • Ad Hoc Networking by Charles E. Perkins http: //moment. cs. ucsb. edu/AODV/aodv. html http: //hipercom. inria. fr/olsr/ http: //w 3. antd. nist. gov/wctg/manet_bibliog. html Google Submission 55 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.