Monocots and Eudicots Dicots the most abundant vascular

Monocots and Eudicots (Dicots) …the most abundant vascular plants

Classification of Plants n PLANTS Kingdom - Subkingdom - Division n Class n Order Bryophytes (non-vascular) Tracheophytes vascular Mosses, liverworts, hornworts has xylem and phloem

Tracheophytes – Vascular plants n “Roots and Shoots” n n n Above ground = shoots Under ground = roots Three tissue types n n PLANTS Dermal tissues Vascular tissues Ground tissues Major organs (non-reproductive) n n n Leaf Stem Root Tracheophytes vascular has xylem and phloem

Tracheophytes – Vascular plants n “Roots and Shoots” n n n stem Three tissue types n n Above ground = shoots Under ground = roots Dermal tissues Vascular tissues Ground tissues dermal tissues vascular tissues leaves Major organs (non-reproductive) n n n Leaf Stem Root Ground tissues root hairs root tip

n Meristemic Tissue – only regions where cells divide repeatedly by mitosis (sites of growth) Tissue Description Function apical meristem at root and shoot tips primary growth – increases in LENGTH lateral meristem cylinders of tissue within roots and stems secondary growth – increases in diameter

n Tissue Dermal – a plants skin (protective) Description Function Epidermis -outermost cell layer in primary growth regions Produces waxy cuticle – prevents water loss and infection, restricts gas exchange Periderm -outside layer at sites experiencing secondary growth -replaces epidermis -often multiple cell layers Waterproofs roots and stems, protects inner tissues from structural damage

n Ground – all the internal nonvascular regions Tissue Description Function Parenchyma Spherical, thin-celled walls with large -Storage of nutrients, carbs (sugars vacuoles and starches) and water -heals wounds, regenerates plant parts Collenchyma Long cells with thickened cell walls Sclerenchyma -very thick secondary cell wall of cellulose and lignin -long cells -strength -supports primary growth regions -flexibility to withstand wind -Strength and rigidity

n Tissue Xylem Vascular – a plant’s circulatory system (transport) Description Function -tracheids long, tapered, thick-walled cells with Transports water and overlapping ends and pits (unthickened areas) on cell dissolved minerals, usually walls upward from roots to leaves -vessel elements – short, large diameter thick walled cells with open ends; stacked like barrels to make vessels

n Vascular – a plant’s circulatory system (transport) Tissue Description Function Phloem Sieve tube elements – long thin cells with tiny holes at the sloping ends (a sieve), and pits along side alls; no nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi, vacuoles, stacked to form sieve tubes -transports food (sugars etc) from leaves to the plant body Companion cells: direct sieve tubes

Classification of Plants n Kingdom - Subkingdom - Division n PLANTS Bryophytes (non-vascular) Tracheophytes vascular Mosses, liverworts, hornworts has xylem and phloem Lycophytes (club mosses) Class Dicots Amborellales n Order Spore producing Seed producing (ferns) Gymnosperms Angiosperms (seed (cone bearing) enclosed flowering plants) Eudicotyledons Dicots (2/3 of all angiosperms) Nymphaeales Other early Dicots angiosperms Dicots Monocotyledons (1/4 of all angiosperms)

Eudicots (Dicots) Comparing Monocots and Eudicots/ Dicots Leaf Venation Actual pictures: http: //theseedsite. co. uk/monocots 2. html

Practice Problems (Home. FUN!) n n Read section 13. 2 – pages 544 -550 Page 551 n Questions 1 -3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14