Monitoring of the Global Surface Climate Ayako Takeuchi

Monitoring of the Global Surface Climate Ayako Takeuchi Climate Prediction Division, JMA

Outline 1. Introduction 2. Data Source 3. Monthly Products 4. Weekly Products

INTRODUCTION

Products of CPD/JMA Climate Information Prediction Impacts Disasters Monitoring Surface Climate System

Needs for Global Climate Information Climate Change • Increase of climate extremes Globalization of socio-economical activities • Foods security • International disaster relief

Contents of CPD Global Climate Information MONTHLY PROCUCTS Figures ・Temperature anomaly ・Normalized temperature anomaly ・Precipitation ratio ・Precipitation quintile ・Extreme climate Comments (Highlight, Extreme climate) Data Lists WEEKLY PRODUCTS Figures ・Extreme climate and weather disaster ・Reference data (Temperature and its anomaly Precipitation and its ratio Atmospheric circulation and convection) Comment ・Name of extreme climate and area ・Damage from disaster

DATA SOURCE

Process of making Global Climate Information ・Collection and quality check of meteorological data ・Identification of extreme climate events ・Analysis of the relations with general circulation ・Weather disaster information CLIMAT messages (1500) SYNOP messages (4000 -5000) Objective Analysis Data of Meteorological Satellites Database of weather disasters Reports （temperature, precipitation, extreme climate events） Monthly Weekly TCC Home Page

CLIMAT and SYNOP Main Source of Products CLIMAT messages CLIMAT and SYNOP messages are exchanged via the GTS SYNOP messages reporting present value 4 times a day reporting monthly value (Surface Pressure, Temperature, Precipitation, etc. )

MONTHLY PRODUCTS

Quality Check of CLIMAT Temperature

JMA’s Definition of Extreme Climate The Criteria for Monthly Data EXTREME CLIMATE The phenomenon that would occur once in about 30 years EXTREME MONTHLY CLIMATE Temperature : the normalized anomaly ≧ 2 the normalized anomaly≦-2 the normalized anomaly = anomaly / standard deviation Precipitation : Quintile = 6 or 0 Quintile 6 : the precipitation is greater than any value in 1971 - 2000 0 : the precipitation is less than any value in 1971 - 2000 Climatological normals are calculated from the statistics of 1971 - 2000 data.

Where can you get CPD Global Climate Information? TCC Homepage (URL) for Meteorological Services http: //cpd 2. kishou. go. jp/tcc/

Monthly Climate Information

Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Mean Temperature Anomaly

Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Mean Temperature Anomaly (normalized) Category

Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Precipitation Category

Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Precipitation Ratio Category

Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Precipitation Quintle

Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Extreme Climate (October 2003) 1. Heavy precipitation in central Siberia 2. Heavy precipitation in northern China 3. Heavy precipitation in Southeast Asia 4. Heavy precipitation from southwestern Russia to northwestern Africa Low temperatureclimate in central Europe • Products 5. for monthly 6. High temperature in western Africa • Using CLIMAT message 7. High temperature in southeastern Africa 8. High temperature and heavy precipitation from Greenland to northeastern Canada 9. High temperature from middle-western to western USA 10. Heavy precipitation in Mexico 11. High temperature around the Caribbean Sea 12. High temperature in northern Argentina Light precipitation central Argentina Distribution of 13. Extreme Monthlyin. Climate 14. Low temperature in southeastern Australia

WEEKLY PRODUCTS

Quality Check for SYNOP data • Products for weekly climate • Using SYNOP messages Example of quality check for SYNOP data Daily precipitation estimated from SYNOP Monthly precipitation estimated from SYNOP 0 mm CLIMAT precipitation 　　 15 mm We use this observatory’s data carefully.

Weekly Extreme Climate EXTREME CLIMATE The phenomenon that would occur once in about 30 years The criteria are decided from research for Japanese observatories. Temperature : EXTREME MONTHLY CLIMATE the normalized anomaly ≧ 3 : WARM the normalized anomaly≦-3 : COLD Temperature : the normalized anomaly ≧ 2 the normalized anomaly = anomaly / 30 -day standard deviation the normalized anomaly≦-2 anomaly = weekly mean temperature - weekly normal the normalized anomaly = anomaly / standard deviation Precipitation : precipitation: in a week exceeds Precipitation Quintile = 6 or the 0 30 -day normal : WET precipitation 30 -day is greater than any value in 1971 - 2000 Quintile 6 in: the last precipitation is less than of quintile for any the 30 -day DRY- 2000 0 : thethreshold precipitation is less 1 than value in: 1971 Weekly normal, 30 -day standard deviation and 30 -day quintile are calculated by interpolating monthly values of the previous (or following) and the current month. Monthly normals are calculated from the statistics of 1971 - 2000 data.

1 October, 2003 Japan Meteorological Agency 　　　　　　　　　　　 Products of monitoring of surface climate Weekly Report on Global Extreme Climate Events ( 24 September, 2003 - 30 September, 2003 ) Extreme weather and climate events and/or weather disasters in this period are as follows ; 1. Wet : northern China 2. Warm : central China 3. Cold : northwestern China to eastern Kazakhstan 4. Wet : northern and central India 5. Wet : northern Algeria, Tunisia and northern Italy 6. Warm : northeastern USA and eastern Canada to southern Greenland 7. Hurricane : eastern Canada Hurricane “Juan” made landfall on eastern Canada on 29 September. In eastern Canada, fatalities caused by Hurricane were reported. 8. Warm : western USA 9. Dry : eastern Australia Distribution 10. of. Wet Extreme Weekly Climate : southwestern Australia

Weekly Climate Information

Reference figure for weekly climate 500 h. Pa height and anomaly(m) 850 h. Pa wind vector, OLR and its anomaly(W/m 2)

Reference figure for weekly climate Weekly temperature anomaly(℃) Weekly precipitation ratio(%)

Weekly Climate Information

Thank you!

Reference ： Quintile The 30 monthly values of precipitation, the statistical period of calculation for climatological normals, are listed in ascending order. The list is then divided into five groups of quintiles of six values each. The first quintile contains the lowest 6 values and the fifth quintile contains the highest 6 values. Example 60. 0 mm => quintile 1 220. 0 mm => quintile 4 420. 0 mm => quintile 6