Monitoring Deforestation in Amazonia using Remote Sensing Lus

Monitoring Deforestation in Amazonia using Remote Sensing Luís Fernandes Executive Secretary MCT Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia

Monitoring Amazon Deforestation n Near real-time detection of newly deforested areas (DETER) ¨ Uses MODIS data (250 m resolution, 2 days revisit) ¨ Maps produced weekly ¨ Supports law-enforcement n Detailed assessment of deforestation (PRODES) ¨ Uses LANDSAT (30 m resolution, 18 days revisit) and CBERS (20 m resolution, 25 days revisit) ¨ Other satellite data is used when needed ¨ Detailed maps produced yearly ¨ Supports policy-making

CBERS: China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite n Brief History ¨ Initial agreement signed in July 6 th, 1988, covering CBERS-1 and 2. ¨ In 2002, both governments decided to expand the initial agreement by including CBERS-3 and 4. n Program objectives ¨ Build a family of remote sensing satellites to support the needs of users in earth resources applications ¨ Improve the industrial capabilities of space technology in Brazil and China

CBERS-2 Launch (21 October 2003)

CBERS Program Timeline Launc h Date Operatio n CBERS-1 1999 4 years CBERS-2 2003 4 years CBERS-2 B 2006 4 years CBERS-3 2008 5 years CBERS-4 2011 5 years 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Near real-time detection of newly deforested areas n Supports law-enforcement n Information available as soon as possible ¨ Location and period of newly deforested area ¨ Accurate only for areas greater than 100 ha n Fast result dissemination via Web

DETER – Sensors TERRA e AQUA MODIS - Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Temporal resolution: Daily Spatial resolution: 250 m CBERS - China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite WFI sensor Temporal resolution: 5 days Spatial resolution: 250 m

Landsat 5 image of 22 Aug 2003 without deforestation evidences Large deforestation detected by Deter in 22/jun/2004, in Altamira/PA

MODIS image of 07 May 2004 without deforestation evidences Grande desmatamento detected detectado pelo Deter em 22/jun/2004, Large deforestation by Deter in 22/jun/2004, município de Altamira/PA (s 05 08 11. 89 o 53 55 15. 73) Altamira/PA in

MODIS image of 08 June 2004 showing first evidences of deforestation Large deforestation detected by Deter in 22/jun/2004, in Altamira/PA

MODIS image of 22 June 2004 showing full extent of deforestation (6000 ha) Large deforestation detected by Deter in 22/jun/2004, in Altamira/PA

Government actions in area: (a)Offender fined and jailed (b)Environmental protection area created Large deforestation detected by Deter in 22/jun/2004, in Altamira/PA

Detailed assessment of deforestation (PRODES) n Estimates yearly rates of gross deforestation n Estimates the extension of gross deforestation n Produces a digital data base n Maps available on the Internet ¨ www. obt. inpe. br/prodes

Detailed assessment of deforestation (PRODES) n Computer aided image interpretation n Improvements in 2005 ¨ Use of multisatellite data ¨ Results available in the same calendar year n Technology developed by INPE ¨ Open source software

Deforestation Map INPE/PRODES 2003/2004: Deforestation Forest Non-forest Clouds/no data

Deforestation Map: Key Areas New frontiers Consolidated areas still under high deforestation pressure. INPE/PRODES 2003/2004: Deforestation Forest Non-forest Clouds/no data

General Concepts: Increment and Rate n Deforestation Increment ¨ Calculated for each image scene ¨ Sensitive to date of image acquisition n Deforestation Rate ¨ Estimated on a image basis ¨ Areas under cloud cover have deforested area estimated from regional trends ¨ Rates are normalized to a reference date: 1 August

Impact of cloud cover To reduce the impact of cloud cover, INPE combines images from different dates

Combination CBERS-LANDSAT 116 -112 116 -113 166 -112

Combination CBERS-LANDSAT (zoom)

Reducing cloud effect (date 1)

Reducing cloud effect (date 2)

Deforestation estimates for 2005 Year Num images Measured deforest area Estimated deforestat area Final measured area 2003 -2004 76 22. 870 26. 150 27. 2004 -2005 77 16. 600 18. 900 -

Difference in rates 2005 -2004 (%)

MT/PA: areas more than 1000 ha (2004)

MT/PA: areas more than de 1000 ha (2005)

BR-163: areas greater than 100 ha (2004)

BR-163: areas greater than 100 ha (2005)

Cumaru (PA): areas greater than 100 ha (2004)

Cumaru (PA): areas greater than 100 ha (2005)