Monday September 23 rd HW French Revolution Timeline

Monday, September 23 rd HW: French Revolution Timeline due Wednesday! Aim: How did the Reign of Terror affect France? Do Now: How do you think the monarchs of neighboring countries of France felt about the revolution?

Radicals (Jacobins) • Opposed monarchy • Wanted vast change Moderates • Wanted some change Conservatives • Supported limited monarchy • Wanted little change

National Convention becomes the new governing body in 1792 • National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. • Found guilty of treason, Louis XVI was executed by the guillotine on January 21, 1793.

1. Do you believe in capital punishment? 2. Do you think the guillotine is better or worse than other forms of capital punishment?

Reign of Terror (1793 -1794) • Led by Maximilien Robespierre • Those thought to be “Enemies of the Revolution” were executed • Approx. 40, 000 people were executed during the Reign of Terror • 85% of those executed were members of the former Third Estate • Ended with execution of Robespierre

In 1795 the moderates set up a two-house legislature and an executive body made up of five men known as the Directory.

Why was the Third Estate unhappy in France in 1789? • The Third Estate, which was composed of peasants and the bourgeoisies, were angry at the First Estate (clergy) and the Second Estate (nobles), because they paid such high taxes while the First and Second Estates paid little to no taxes. • 1789 was a year of crisis: France was in great debt due to the Palace of Versailles and the many wars that France was involved in. • During that same year, there was a poor harvest and food prices increased. As a result many peasants starved to death.

What did the Third Estate do to try and solve their problems? • The Estates General (French Parliament) favored the First and Second Estates, therefore the Third Estate made a bold move and formed their own government called the National Assembly, where they vowed under oath to write a Constitution. • The peasants stormed the Bastille prison and began to destroy the homes and property of many nobles. The summer of 1789 was known as the Great Fear. • Using the Declaration of Independence as a model, the French wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen which stated that: 1. All men are free and born with natural rights. 2. Citizens are entitled to freedom of speech and religion. 3. People would be taxed according to their income.

• In 1791, as promised the National Assembly wrote a Constitution that created a limited monarchy. • In 1792, the Jacobins led by Robespierre took control of the Assembly and abolished the monarchy, declaring France a Republic. • In 1793, during the Reign of Terror King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were executed by the guillotine. In addition nearly 40, 000 French men and women were executed.

What were the results of the French Revolution? • The chaos caused by the Reign of Terror paved the way for an ambitious general, Napoleon to take control of the government by force in 1799. • Finally, the people of France had some stability and were feeling very proud of their country. This is called nationalism.