Monday January 12 th 2015 Genetics Agenda Genetic
- Slides: 30
Monday, January 12 th, 2015 Genetics Agenda: Genetic Traits Ø Notes: Genetic Traits Ø Activity: Analyzing a test cross Ø Notes: Dihybrid Cross Practice GENETICS QUIZ WEDNESDAY/THURSDAY OF THIS WEEK! Homework/Class Work: No Homework!
How Genes Influence Traits • Genes specify the amino acid sequence of proteins • The amino acid sequence determines the shape and activity of proteins • Proteins determine a majority of what the body looks like and how it functions • Mutations in a gene result in new alleles, • This ultimately leads to a change in the amino acid sequence and, hence, activity of the protein • Natural selection may favor one allele over another
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOMINANCE • COMPLETE DOMINANCE- a heterozygous & a homozygous organism are the same phenotypically. • i. e BB=Bb
COMPLETE DOMINANCE B=brown eyes b=blue eyes All offspring will be…? Brown Bb BB x bb B B b Bb Bb
• INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE- 2 or more alleles influence the phenotype resulting in a phenotype combination of the dominant and the recessive trait.
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE R= 6 petals r= 4 petals R R r Rr Rr RR x rr ALL OFFSPRING WILL BE……? 5 Petals !!!!
• CODOMINANCE- neither of the 2 alleles of the same gene totally masks the other. The result is a showing of both dominant traits.
CODOMINANCE R = red colored coat R`= white colored coat R R R` RR` RR` RR x R`R` All offspring will be …. . ? RED & WHITE !!
Q 2 WK 9 D 2 Pp. Qq x Pp. Qq Crossing 2 different characteristi cs at the same time.
Draw me Dihybrid Cross Practice EH EH EH Ee. HH x Ee. Hh H Eh EEH E= Brown h e= Blue eyes e. H Ee. H eyes H H= Brown hair eh Ee. H h= Blonde h EEH H EEH h Ee. H H Ee. H h Cross e. H Ee. H H H Ee. H h h ee. H H H ee. Hh
What does an offspring need to have brown eyes and brown hair? What is the chance of having that? 12/16 = 3/4 Need an E and What does H an offspring need to have brown eyes and blond hair? What is the chance. Need of having an Ethat? and 0/16 = 0 What does hh an offspring need to have blue eyes and brown hair? What is the chance. Need of having an eethat? and 4/16 = 1/4 H an offspring need to have What does blue eyes and blond hair? What is the chance of having that? Need an ee and 0/16 = 0
Phenotypic Ratio
Genotypic Ratio Female alleles Male Alleles / 16 / 16 / 16 F = Furry F = no fur T= Long tail T = short tail
Dihybrid Cross Worksheet In science notebook
Tuesday, January 13 th, 2015 Genetics Agenda: Genetic Traits Ø Activity: Genetic Station Rotation GENETICS QUIZ WEDNESDAY/THURSDAY OF THIS WEEK! Homework/Class Work: Station Rotation Work due Wednesday/Thursday 1/14 -1/15/2015 for 30 Points
Wednesday/Thursday, 1/14 -1/15/2015 Genetics Agenda: Genetics Ø Ø Ø Quiz: Genetics Activity: Blood Donor Reading and Questions Notes: Blood Types Activity: Blood Type Punnett Squares Activity: Genetics of Sickle Cell Anemia Homework/Class Work: Sickle Cell Anemia Article and Questions due Friday 1/16/2015 for 25 Points
Importance of blood typing: Why does it matter?
Donor Mix-up Article 1. In the scenario, explain what the “mix-up” is 2. What blood type can a person with O blood type accept? 3. What was Jesica Santillan’s blood type? 4. What blood type was she given? 5. Why could her organs not be placed back into her body? 6. Overall what is the importance of matching correct blood types?
Blood Types • There are 3 alleles (A, B, O) and 6 genotypes. • A and B are codominant, and O is recessive. • They make up 4 phenotypes (blood types)- A, B, AB, and O. Genotype Phenotype (Blood Type) IA IA i A IB IB IB i IA IB ii B B AB O
Blood Typing Example 1. What are the possible blood types of the potential children of an AB (IAIB) male and an B (IB i) female? Hint: use a punnett square 2. What % chance will the offspring be type B?
IAIB IB i x I Bi IA I AI B IB I Ai IB i 1. What are the possible blood types of the potential children of an AB (IAIB) male and an B (IB i) female? TYPES: A, B, or AB 2. What % chance will the offspring be type B? Blood Typing Example 50%
Blood Typing Practice Worksheet
Genetics of Sickle Cell Anemia Reading • Underline each vocabulary word from the unit • The same words will be used more than once!! • Highlight each vocab word each time! • 1 st time you see the word: DEFINE THE WORD • 2 nd time you see the word: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE FROM YOUR NOTES • 3 rd time you see the word: PROVIDE A REAL WORLD EXAMPLE
Friday 1/16/2015 Genetics Agenda: Sex-Linked Traits Ø Notes: Sex-Linked Traits Ø Activity: Genetic Disorders Video and Worksheet (PART OF NOTEBOOK CHECK GRADE) Homework/Class Work: No Homework this Weekend!!
SEX LINKED TRAITS • THESE ARE TRAITS LOCATED ON THE SEX CHROMOSOMES. • MALES PASS GENES LOCATED ON THE “X” CHROMOSOME TO ALL OF THEIR DAUGHTERS & NONE OF THEIR SONS. • WHATEVER MOM HAS ON HER “X” CHROMOSOME WILL BE EXPRESSED IN HER SONS EVEN IF THE TRAIT IS RECESSIVE.
SEX LINKED ( X-LINKED) H= non hemophilia X h x X HY h= hemophilia XH Y Xh Xh X HX h Xh. Y WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF HAVING A MALE WITH HEMOPHILIA? 100%
SEX INFLUENCED TRAITS • THE PRESENCE OF MALE OR FEMALE HORMONES INFLUENCES THE EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN TRAITS. • EX: PATTERN BALDNESS • IF FEMALE IS HETEROZYGOUS SHE WILL NOT BE BALD. -the gene is recessive in females • IF A MALE IS HETEROZYGOUS HE WILL BE BALD. -the gene is dominant in males
X-linked genes Practice
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS • Many alleles are expressed depending on the environment. • Some are heat sensitive • Ex: Arctic foxes make fur pigment only when the weather is warm.
AUTOSOMAL TRAITS • Autosomal Chromosomes: Any chromosome OTHER than a sex determining chromosome TRAITS LOCATED ON ALL OF YOUR AUTOSOME (any chromosome other than your sex chromosome) CHROMOSOMES. There autosomal recessive & autosomal dominant.
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