Monday February 3 2014 CHAPTER 8 LESSON 5

Monday, February 3, 2014 CHAPTER 8 LESSON 5 AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE AND POLITICS

The Harlem Renaissance During World War I and the 1920 s, hundreds of thousands of African Americans joined the Great Migration from the rural South to industrial cities in the North. Populations swelled in large Northern cities. Nightclubs and music filled these cities, particularly the New York City neighborhood of Harlem.

The Harlem Renaissance Artistic development, racial pride, and political organization combined in a flowering of African American arts. This became known as the Harlem Renaissance.

The Harlem Renaissance Claude Mc. Kay was the first important writer of the Harlem Renaissance. In his 1922 poetry collection, Harlem Shadows, Mc. Kay expressed a proud defiance and bitter contempt of racism.

The Harlem Renaissance New Orleans native Louis Armstrong moved to Chicago in 1922. There he introduced an early form of jazz, a musical style influenced by Dixieland ragtime, with syncopated rhythms and improvisational elements. Composer, pianist, and bandleader Edward “Duke” Ellington also had a special sound, a blend of improvisation and orchestration using different combinations of instruments.

The Harlem Renaissance Theater also flourished during the Harlem Renaissance. Shuffle Along, the first musical written, produced, and performed by African Americans, made its Broadway debut in 1921.

African Americans and 1920’s Politics The Great Migration of African Americans to the North had a significant impact as well. As their numbers grew in city neighborhoods, African Americans became an influential voting bloc. In 1928 African American voters in Chicago helped elect Oscar De. Priest. He was the first African American representative in Congress from a Northern state.

African Americans and 1920’s Politics The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) battled hard against segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Its efforts focused primarily on lobbying public officials and working through the court system. The NAACP’s persistent protests against the horrors of lynching led to the passage of antilynching legislation in the House of Representatives in 1922. In 1930 the NAACP joined with labor unions to launch a highly organized national campaign against the nomination of Judge John J. Parker to the U. S. Supreme Court.

African Americans and 1920’s Politics In 1928 African American voters in Chicago helped elect Oscar De. Priest. He was the first African American representative in Congress from a Northern state.

African Americans and 1920’s Politics A dynamic leader from Jamaica, Marcus Garvey captured the imagination of millions of African Americans with his “Negro Nationalism. ” Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), aimed at promoting black pride and unity.