Moms egg Dads sperm ZYGOTE MONOZYGOTIC maternal IDENTICAL

______ Mom’s egg + ______ Dad’s sperm ZYGOTE ______ MONOZYGOTIC = maternal _______________ IDENTICAL DNA _______ DIZYGOTIC = fraternal ______________ DIFFERENT ________ DNA

http: //img. webmd. com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/media/medical/hw/h 9991513_001. jpg AMNIOCENTESIS sample fluid around baby CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING (CVS) https: //www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/presentations/100194_5. htm

KARYOTYPE http: //monashultrasound. com. au/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Karyotype-indicating-Down-syndrome-Combined-Screening-Test-for-Down-Syndrome-fig 2. png https: //embryology. med. unsw. edu. au/embryology/images/9/93/Karyotype_of_a_Klinefelter's_syndrome_patient. jpg

NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS Linked to LOW levels of Vitamin B 12 in moms’ diet LINK BETWEEN Vitamin B 12 and NTD’s https: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/7/7 e/Spina-bifida. jpg http: //humanphysiology. academy/Neurosciences%202015/Images/1/Anencephaly. jpg anencephaly

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS) 100% preventable Abnormal facial characteristics Growth deficits Brain damage/mental retardation Hyperactivity Behavior problems Attention and memory problems Poor coordination/ motor skill delays Difficulty with judgment/reasoning Learning disabilities Due to mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy http: //www. aapos. org/client_data/files/2011/_112_fetal 1. jpg FAS Fact sheet