Mom is cooking what is Daddy doing Gender

‘Mom is cooking, what is Daddy doing? ’ Gender in Hungarian Education Kereszty, Orsolya and Rédai, Dorottya

Introduction n Gender in Educational and Political Discourse Hungarian academia NGO educational programs

Introduction n No gender-sensitive research in education No available data No gender awareness

Gender in Educational and Political Discourse n n n Education is highly politicised No long-term programs Low gender-awareness of decision-makers

Gender Issues in the Curriculum n n Curriculum reform continued since mid-1980 s National Core Curriculum (NCC) – political battlefield NCC – less and less gender in the revised versions NCC 2003 – gender equality listed among basic guiding principles – NGO expert pressure

Textbooks Power → Legitimate knowledge n Gender socialization n Knowledge and skills n Mediate n

Gender in Textbooks The norm: boys’ experiences n The different/‘others’: girls’ experiences n Invisibility n Stereotypical and strict activities and spaces n The ‘family’ as evident n ‘Alternative examples’ n

Alternatives? I.

Alternatives? II.

Alternatives? III.

Textbook accreditation n n Not mandatory but necessary for ministerial recommendation of the textbook Gender equality among general criteria No expert appointed to examine general criteria No impact of expert negotiations

Hungarian Academia The gender perspective n The integration of Women’s/Gender Studies n Hostile and rejective environment n Individual initiatives n Teacher training n

Teacher Training n n n Teaching: "feminized" profession ↔ no women’s perspectives Gender courses by individual professors School hierarchies → structural changes cannot be done by individual teachers

Case study: ‘The separate discussion of Gender History is completely useless’ n n n ‘Structures and Standards of Initial Training for History Tecahers in Europe’ Not part of initial training Some gender-sensitive materials Individual contributions Informal and formal networks

Case study: Equal Opportunities at Miskolc University n n n Vertical segregation Horizontal segregation Glass ceiling Pyramidal hierarchy No women in top decision-making

Case study: Equal Opportunities at Miskolc University Transformative model of gender equity n Access n Inclusion n Climate n Promotion n Empowerment

Case study: Equal Opportunities at Miskolc University n n n Indirect gender discrimination Horizontal and vertical segregation Glass ceiling Sexual harassment Low level of gender awareness lack of institutional commitment to equal opportunities and equity

NGOs n n n IGEN - Feminist Open University IGEN - ‘Developing complex skills with the help of understanding and applying the concepts of gender equality, plurality of values, and tolerance’ IGEN - Who makes the news? Labrisz Lesbian Association FIONA - Foundation for Young Women NANE - Women Together Against Violence