MOLIT Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport KATRI

MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute Informal document GRPE-66 -40 66 th GRPE, June 7 th 2013 Agenda item 18(a) PROPOSAL FOR AN NEW REGULATION FOR VEHICLE INDOOR AIR QUALITY (VIAQ) Jongsoon Lim (jongsoon@ts 2020. kr) KATRI(Korea Automobile Testing & research Institute)

Contents MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute

Background MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Consumers are increasingly concerned about indoor air quality from household, workplace and vehicle ü Various chemical materials are emitted from vehicle interiors ü VOCs and Aldehydes are included in the vehicle indoor air u Chemical materials are harmful to human body ü Causes symptoms such as headaches, eye irritation, sneeze, and so on ü Such symptoms may not only affect drivers' health but also safe driving. Discussions on vehicle indoor air quality is necessary to protect driver’s health and safe driving

MOLIT Background Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Harmful Substances & Its Effect on Human Body Item IARC Effect on Human Body Formaldehyde 1 As colorless liquid with strong stimulating smell, it causes skin infections and invades the mucosa Benzene 1 Causes skin and eye irritation, is extremely dangerous when inhaled, and in serious cases, causes leukemia and increases the occurrence rate of lymph cancer and blood cancer Ethyl benzene 2 B Affects internal organs, lungs, central nervous system Styrene 2 B Stimulates eyes, skin, nose, respiratory system, causes sleepiness or unconsciousness Toluene 3 Stimulates central nervous system, causing nausea, and abnormalities in stomach and nerve system Xylene 3 Causes nerve stimulation, skin infection, cornea damage and so on, damages kidney and reproductive functions u Carcinogenic Classification Standard of International Agency for research on Cancer • Group 1 : Carcinogenic to humans • Group 2 A : Probably carcinogenic to humans • Group 2 B : Possibly carcinogenic to humans • Group 3 : Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Introducing of Korea Case MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Sick House Syndrome & Sick Car Syndrome : became a social issue ü New car driver feel a headache, eye irritation, sneeze and so on ü The main cause is the chemical materials that emitted from vehicle interiors <KBS news “Hazardous substances in new car interiors”> Interview : I feel slight headache and dizzy…

MOLIT New car consumer survey Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Surveyed 800 people who purchased a new car ü Feeling the physical symptoms under driving : 51. 5%, ü Headache 31. 5%, Eyes irritation 31%, Sneeze 15. 8%, Fatigue 11. 1%. . . Vehicle interior materials SEAT Formaldehyde Headache DOOR TRIM Toluene Dizzy CARPET IP VOCs Sneeze HEADLINING Amines Dyspnoea Sleepiness BACK SHELF PANEL phthalate Allergy CONSOLE PAHs Smell

The progress of rule making MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u 2005 Research on new car Indoor Air Quality basic investigation u 2006 Research on Driver Risk Assessment of new car u 2007 Private and Public Conference, Public Hearing, Seminar Ø Public Announcement of 「Management Guideline of Vehicle Indoor Air Quality」 u 2010 Checkout test on 9 new vehicle model released in 2009 u 2011 Checkout test on 9 new vehicle model released in 2010

The main contents of VIAQ Guideline MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Establish a VIAQ guideline on harmful substances ü reflecting the new vehicle’s IAQ risk evaluation and the characteristics of the vehicle ü Vehicle’s indoor air quality measurement method Temp stabilize Close door Sealing 2 hr sampling Min. 12 hr Ventila tion 30 min 25℃ 25℃ Time Cabin Temp 15 min ü Harmful substance limit Item (㎍/㎥) Formaldehyde Benzene Toluene Xylene Ethyl benzene Styrene Limit 250 30 1, 000 870 1, 600 300

MOLIT Checkout Test Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Checkout whether automobile manufactures comply with guideline Car Preparation 14 days Room Temperature Stabilizing Sampling 28 days 2 hours Temp. Stabilizing Sample Analysis 9 GC/MS HPLC Content Analysis

MOLIT Test Results Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u The result of checkout test Item Formalde hyde Toluene Ethyl benzene Styrene Benzene Xylene Limit 250 1, 000 1, 600 30 870 Avg 35 1, 046 102 14 - - Min 8 108 20 7 - - Max 56 2, 846 470 25 - - Avg 20 328 66 33 7 199 Min 4 85 18 4 5 45 Max 29 753 131 136 13 379 Year 2011 2012

MOLIT International VIAQ Status 1970 1980 1990 ㆍGermany ㆍTOYOTA VW(1978) Car cabin (1981) (1991) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport 2005 ㆍKorea(2005) VOC study VOCs Report KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute 2007 2012 ㆍChina (2007) (2012) VOC Guideline air quality study ㆍCARB (1998, 2003) VOCs Report ㆍJAMA ㆍGermany (2005) DIN(2007) Standard VOC ISO standard (2012) Report Proposal No. 98 ㆍKorea(2010) Guideline ㆍISO

International Status(Europe) MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u VOCs related research began since 1970 ü Netherlands, France, Sweden and other countries conducted researches ü Germany conducted researches from a long time ago related to the smell suppression of new cars • From the beginning of 1990 s, research on VOSc evaluation method of a new car’s indoor space was conducted, led by TṺV NORD , TṺV (Technology Inspection Association) • In TṺV Rheinland, TOXPROOF certification system on new car’s indoor air quality is operated < Composition of TṺV NORD Vehicle Indoor air Quality Measuring System>

International Status(Japan) MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) leads IAQ Research ü In February 2005, led by JAMA, “Countermeasure Guidance on the Reduction of vehicle Indoor VOCs” is announced • In March 2006, trucks and buses are added and the guideline is amended ü In case of sedans, in 2007 and in case of commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses, in 2008, new cars sold within Japan is recommended to meet the guidelines < JAMA Sampling Location and Experiment Mode >

International Status(USA) MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u VOCs related researches began from the end of 1990 s ü In case of CARB(California Air Resources Board ), indoor air quality research result on 2 sedans, 1 SUV and 1 school bus in 1998 and 7 school buses in 2003 was announced ü EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Report on the necessity of indoor air quality research ü “Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology” 2003 ü SAE Technical PAPER 2010 -36 -0390 “New Vehicles Cabin Indoor Air Quality” <Composition of CARB Indoor Air Quality Measuring System> <CARB Bus Indoor Air quality Measuring System>

International Status(China) MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u IAQ Research by China’s Indoor Decoration Association Indoor Air Reduction Center & Guangzhou Environment Inspection Center ü Conducted indoor air quality situation investigation on vehicles respectively (in 2007) u Announcement of IAQ Regulation by Chinese Environment Protection Agency (2012) ü Enactment of relevant Acts of national level based on situation investigation and research results § HJ/T 400 -07 December 2007 "Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbonyl Compounds in Cabins of Vehicles“ § GB/T 27630 -2011 01 March 2012 “Guideline for air quality assessment of Passenger car”

International Standard and Regulation MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute ü ISO 12219 -1: 2012 "Interior air of road vehicles -- Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber – Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors ü Automobile Management Act Article 33 -3, 18 Dec. 2012 (Newly Manufactured Vehicle Indoor Air Quality Management) ü Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Notification No. 2007 -539, 5 June 2007) “Newly Manufactured Vehicle Indoor Air Quality Management Standard” ü HJ/T 400 -07 December 2007 "Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbonyl Compounds in Cabins of Vehicles“ ü GB/T 27630 -2011 01 March 2012 “Guideline for air quality assessment of Passenger car”

MOLIT Comparison of VIAQ Limit Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Comparison of vehicle indoor air quality limit Harmful Substances Korea China ISO Formaldehyde 250 100 - Benzene 30 110 - Toluene 1, 000 1, 100 - Ethyl Benzene 1, 600 1, 500 - Xylene 870 1, 500 - Styrene 300 260 - Acetaldehyde - 50 - Acrolein - 50 - Total 6 types 8 types -

MOLIT Manufacturers Status Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u Management status of manufacturers Manufacturers GM FORD VOLVO Nissan, Honda, Toyota Porsche Management Status VOC management based on GM standard VOC management based on FORD standard Management based on Chinese regulations Management based on Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) guideline Management based on German Automobile Industrial Association VDA 270 (smell test) , VDA 275 (measurement of formaldehyde emission), VDA 278 (volatile organic compound) regulations Jaguar Land-rover Applies Japanese and Chinese regulations Hyundai, Kia Management based on Korean regulations

Conclusion MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute u To protect driver and passenger‘s health and safe driving, discussions are needed for Vehicle indoor air quality u Need for discussion on a unified standard before more standards per country are enacted u New regulation proposal on vehicle’s indoor air quality ü Harmful substance permissible limit emitted from vehicle’s interior materials ü Vehicle’s indoor air quality measurement method

MOLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Senior Reseacher Jongson Lim jongsoon@ts 2020. kr Chief Reseacher Hyunwoo Lee peterlee@ts 2020. kr KATRI Korea Automobile testing & research Institute