Molecular Motion Polarity Intermolecular Forces States of Matter

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Molecular Motion Polarity, Intermolecular Forces, States of Matter, Kinetic Theory, and Diffusion

Molecular Motion Polarity, Intermolecular Forces, States of Matter, Kinetic Theory, and Diffusion

Lower electronegativity Greater electronegativity

Lower electronegativity Greater electronegativity

Lower electronegativity Greater electronegativity F F O F H F

Lower electronegativity Greater electronegativity F F O F H F

Tug of War Strong vs. Strong F F Kind of Strong vs. Strong O

Tug of War Strong vs. Strong F F Kind of Strong vs. Strong O F Weak vs. Strong H F

Polar molecule – has a slightly positive end a slightly negative end. H F

Polar molecule – has a slightly positive end a slightly negative end. H F

Water

Water

Carbon Tetrachloride

Carbon Tetrachloride

Carbon Tetrachloride δ– δ– δ+ δ– δ–

Carbon Tetrachloride δ– δ– δ+ δ– δ–

Difference in Electronegativity Δ E. N. Range Type of Bond 0 to 0. 5

Difference in Electronegativity Δ E. N. Range Type of Bond 0 to 0. 5 Nonpolar Covalent 0. 5 to 1. 9 Polar Covalent 1. 9 or greater Ionic

States of Matter Deposition Sublimation Plasma it on a z i n n o

States of Matter Deposition Sublimation Plasma it on a z i n n o i at e D niz Io Con Gas den Boi sation ling Solid g iz n ee ing r F lt e M Liquid

Molecular Motion of Gases

Molecular Motion of Gases

Molecular Motion of Gases

Molecular Motion of Gases

Molecular Motion • The state of matter depends on how much energy (motion) the

Molecular Motion • The state of matter depends on how much energy (motion) the molecules, atoms, or ions have. • The state of matter also depends on how attracted the atoms, molecules, or ions are to eachother.

Molecular Motion State of Matter O O + H + Na (at room temperature)

Molecular Motion State of Matter O O + H + Na (at room temperature) O O 2 Gas – + H – Cl H 2 O Liquid Na. Cl Solid

Nonpolar molecules O O

Nonpolar molecules O O

Polar molecules + H O – H + H O – + H –

Polar molecules + H O – H + H O – + H – + O + H

Ionic compounds – + Na – Cl Cl – Cl + Na – Cl

Ionic compounds – + Na – Cl Cl – Cl + Na – Cl Cl + Na

Molecular Twist and Stretch

Molecular Twist and Stretch

Intermolecular / Interatomic Attractions Strength Type of Bond Very Weak Dispersion forces Weak Ex.

Intermolecular / Interatomic Attractions Strength Type of Bond Very Weak Dispersion forces Weak Ex. O 2 Dipole-Dipole forces CO Moderate Hydrogen bonding H 2 O, DNA Strong Na. Cl Electrostatic forces

Diffusion • Diffusion – when a substance spreads out in a gas or liquid.

Diffusion • Diffusion – when a substance spreads out in a gas or liquid. • Examples: 1. Perfume eventually reaching the far side of a room. 2. Kool-Aid dissolving into water.

Diffusion of Gases

Diffusion of Gases

Diffusion of Gases

Diffusion of Gases

Diffusion of Liquids

Diffusion of Liquids

Weekend Homework Contest • In your home, find the most bizarre ionic compound that

Weekend Homework Contest • In your home, find the most bizarre ionic compound that you can: • Write down: 1) where it was found (food, cleaning supply, etc. ) 2) ingredient name on the label 3) ionic formula (or what you think it is) • Example: 1) Chlorox Bleach 2) sodium hypochlorite 3) Na. Cl. O

H He Li Be B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P

H He Li Be B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Ne Br Kr I Xe

H He Li Be B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P

H He Li Be B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Ne Br Kr I Xe

4 e– in valence shell

4 e– in valence shell