Module 6 Building the assessment matrix ILO 2013

Module 6: Building the assessment matrix ILO, 2013

Key questions • What is the structure of the assessment matrix? • What are the benchmarks to assess the social protection situation? • What are the main parameters to describe existing schemes? • What are policy gaps and implementation issues? • How to qualify and quantify policy gaps and implementation issues? • What methods can be used to progressively develop a shared diagnosis of the social security situation and recommendations for new or expended SPF provisions?

Steps of ABND Step 1 – Building the assessment matrix including the identification of priority recommendations Step 2 – Rapid Assessment Protocol to estimate the cost of implementing the social protection provisions Step 3 – Finalisation of the assessment report for endorsement and further action by the higher levels of government ABND FACTSHEET

First step of ABND Step 1 – Building the assessment matrix including the identification of priority recommendations Step 2 – Rapid Assessment Protocol to estimate the cost of implementing the social protection provisions Step 3 – Finalisation of the assessment report for endorsement and further action by the higher levels of government ABND FACTSHEET

Structure of assessment matrix SPF objectives Govt. strategy Existing provisions Policy gaps Implement- Recommation issues endations Health Children Working age Elderly Four SPF guarantees Identifying existing situation in the country Identifying policy gaps and implementation issues, addressing which would complete the SPF Priority policy options, decided through national dialogue

Benchmarks to assess situation Four basic guarantees: Do all residents have access to essential health care, including maternity care? Do all children enjoy basic income security, providing access to nutrition, education, care, and any other necessary goods and services? Do all persons in active age who cannot earn sufficient income, enjoy basic income security, particularly in cases of sickness, unemployment, maternity, disability? Do all older persons have basic income security?

Parameters to describe existing provisions Name of Legal the framescheme work Responsible body Target group Eligibility Population Benefits Financriteria covered cing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. … Child care Invalidity 6. 7. Unemployment benefit Health care Sickness Employment injury Vocational training Maternity Public Works Programme Old-age benefit Survivors’ benefit

Parameters to describe existing provisions Name of the scheme Legal framework Responsible body Target group Eligibility Population Benefits Financriteria covered cing Thailand: 500 Baht scheme (Non. Contributo ry Allowance for older people) Old Age Act B. E. 2546 (2003) Local Administration (TAO) under the Regularesponsitions on bility of benefit the disburse- MSDHS ments (2009) Thai elderly who do not receive any other public pension -Thai nationals -Age 60+ -Register locally -Domiciled in district of local govt. -Not receiving any other old-age pension Legal coverage: 76. 9 per cent (2010) Effective coverage: 72. 4 per cent of the elderly over 60 years of age (2011) 600 Baht (60 -69), 700 Baht (70 -79), 800 Baht (80 -89), 1, 000 Baht (90+) Taxfunded

Policy gaps: Missing legislation or policy leading to a part of the population being excluded from the complete SPF For e. g. Only formal sector workers and very poor people are entitled to social health protection Only formal sector workers are entitled to a child allowance for pre-school children There is no unemployment protection scheme for workers in case of loss of employment

Policy gaps People not covered § Vulnerable groups, informal. Lack of responsiveness of the benefit packages workers § No portability of benefits § No provisions for unforeseen Insufficient protection circumstances like recessions, § Levels of benefits insufficient to natural disasters guarantee income security (e. g. non-indexation of pensions) § Benefit package not adapted to existing needs (e. g. travel costs Legal framework not covered) or changing needs § Conflict or overlap between (e. g. long-term care) laws or roles § Fragmented schemes § Implementing decrees not in Lack of clarity § Benefit package not clearly place § Ad-hoc policies (no laws) defined

Implementation issues: Despite existing policies or legislation, people do not have effective access to entitlements For e. g. Despite universal access to social health protection, people from rural areas have limited protection due to poor health care infrastructure Enforcement of the Social Security Act is low, due to employers not registering their staff and a lack of resources to reach out to informal sector workers

Implementation issues Low enforcement § Non-registration or non- Fragmentation leading to contribution by formal inefficiencies and administrative burdens sector employers § Social evasion through outsourcing Inadequate resources or capacities to reach out to Supply-side shortage beneficiaries (especially for § Unequal distribution of voluntary schemes) facilities and skilled personnel by geography Ineffective monitoring and Lack of communication evaluation system to keep track of effective § Low awareness implementation of policy

Keep in mind special groups People with HIV-AIDS Domestic workers Migrant workers, refugees Cross-cutting: special vulnerable groups should be adequately covered People with disabilities Women and children Indigenous and stateless people

Qualifying and quantifying policy gaps • What is the scope of existing social security provisions and what contingencies are covered by law? • How many persons are legally covered (in absolute terms and as a percentage of the reference group)? • Is the statutory level of benefits adequate compared to poverty line, minimum wage or other references?

Qualifying and quantifying implementation issues • How many persons are effectively covered? Ø How many persons are “protected” in case of need, i. e. active contributors, affiliated members, eligible groups? Ø How many are “actual beneficiaries”? • Is the actual level of benefits adequate compared with benchmarks like average earnings, minimum wage or poverty line?

Developing priority recommendations • Priority recommendations to achieve the SPF must be agreed upon in discussion with all stakeholders • Discussions involve line ministries, local government representatives, workers’ and employers’ organizations, civil society, and other relevant stakeholders • Discussions may centre around the most relevant recommendations, trade-offs between long-term investments and short-term interventions

Methods to complete the matrix Literature review of available resources Monitoring reports Relevant laws and regulations Annual and statistical reports of schemes and programmes Contact with institutions responsible for operating the main social protection schemes • Household surveys, labour force surveys, demographic and health surveys, assessments of the health and education systems • Bilateral consultations with relevant stakeholders • National workshops to share and validate findings with stakeholders, and develop priority recommendations • • •