Module 4 Great inventions Unit 2 Books could

Module 4 Great inventions Unit 2 Books could be produced more quickly and cheaply.

Words and expressions produce 生产 invention 发明 look through 浏览 create 创造 cotton 棉花 wood 木材

Words and expressions at a time by hand ink block at the beginning of knowledge 一次 用手 (制造) 墨水 板子; 街区 在. . . 的开始 知识

Words and expressions spread 散播, 传播 introduction 传入; 介绍 rather than 而不是. . . CD-ROM 只读光盘, 只读光盘存储器 one day 某天

What do you do with your computer?

typewriter video game player sending e-mails

drawing board projector watching movies shopping listening to music

Can books be replaced by computers?

Work in pairs. Read the title of the passage. Discuss the advantages of both books and computers. Make a list of their advantages.

2. Read the passage and match the main ideas with the paragraphs. a The world before books, Para 2 Para 3 b The invention of printing Para 1 c Life on paper and in print Para 5 d Technology and books e Can books be replaced by computers? Para 4

3. Read the passage again. Make notes to complete the timeline. Information downloaded from the Paper first Internet created 11 th century in the future 2, 000 years ago Printing developed today Books may be replaced by computers

4, Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. Why were books expensive and rare before the invention of printing? Because they were written by hand.

2. Why did ideas spread more quickly when books became cheaper? Because more people learned to read and bought books. 3. What can we use to get information? Books, computers, etc.

Answer the questions. Use the words in the box to help you. create develop produce receive hold keep spread

1. When was paper first created? When do you think were first created? Paper was first created about two thousand years ago. Books were first created soon after paper. 2. Were books produced by hand or by machine at first? Books were produced by hand.

3. What was the paper held against? Paper was held against wood blocks. 4. When was printing developed? Printing was developed in the 11 th century.

5. What can be kept on CD-ROMs? Information can be kept in CD-ROMs. 6. What can be received online? Information can be received online.

7. How Were ideas spread in the past? How are ideas spread today? In the past, ideas were spread by books, and mouth to mouth. Today ideas are spread by the internet, TV, books, etc.

Writing

7. Look at how we give reasons /results. . . . books could only be produced one at a time. . . As a result, they were expensive and rare. And because there weren't many books, few people learned to read.

. . . and newspapers and magazines: can already be read online. So will books be replaced by computers one day? These machines are smaller and lighter than books so that they can be carried very easily.

Now answer the questions. Write complete sentences. --Why is it hard to imagine a word without print? -- it’s hard to imagine a world without print because we have so many printed things now.

1. What was the result of books becoming cheaper? (as a result) More people were able to read books as a result of books becoming cheaper. 2. Why must printing be thought of as one of the most important inventions? (because) Printing must be thought of as one of the most important inventions because it spread knowledge very fast.

3. More people learned to read in the 11 th century. What happened then? (so) More people learned to read in the 11 th century so knowledge and ideas spread quickly.

4. What development will mean that books won't be needed in the future? (so that) More and more information will be stored in computers and downloaded from the internet so that books won’t be needed in the future.

8. Rewrite the notes in Activity 3 in full sentences. About 2, 000 years ago, paper was first created. . .

Words and expressions

produce vt. 生产, 出产; 制造; 创作 The factory produces 1, 000 cars a week. 这家 厂每星期生产一千辆轿车。

invention n. 1. 发明, 创造 No one person can take credit for the invention of writing. 没有一个人可以说是他单独发明了写字。 2. 发明物, 创作品 The machine was his own invention. 这台机器是他自己发明的。

look through 浏览 Here are the books for you to look through. 你要浏览的书籍在这儿。

wood n. 1. 木头; 木材; 木柴[U] The pavilion is made of wood. 这亭子是木造的。 2. 森林, 树林[C] It is lovely walking in the woods. 在树林中散步很愉快。

at the beginning of 在……的开始 I start shearing the sheep at the beginning of July. 我一般在 7月初开始剪羊毛。

spread v. 撒; 散布, 传播; 普及 She was told not to spread this secret around. 她被告知不要把这个秘密传出去。

introduction n. 1. 介绍; 正式引见 He was shaking her hand before I could finish the introduction. 未等我介绍完, 他就在握她的手了。 2. 引进, 传入[(+of/to/into)] The government saw the introduction of new technology as vital. 政府认为引进新技术至关重要。

Language points

1. It doesn’t matter. I’ll see to that. 没关系，我会处理的。 see to sth/sb 处理，照顾，关照 eg. --These windows need to be cleaned. 这些窗户需要清洗。 --I’ll see to them later. 一会儿我来处理。

I’ll go to Tony’s party this evening. Will you see to the cats? 今晚我要去参加托尼的聚会。请你照顾 一下猫好吗？

2. Every evening my mother looks through magazines at home. 每天傍晚，我妈妈在家翻阅杂志。 look through 浏览，粗略地翻阅

Would you quickly look through the composition for me and see if there any mistakes? 你能帮我快速看一下这篇作文，看看有 没有错误。 I haven’t looked through the book yet. 我还没有翻完这本书。

3. But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. 但那个年代，依靠手 ，一次只能 制作一本书。 at a time 每次，一次 eg. Please come in one at a time, not all together. 请一个一个进来，不要一起来。

by hand 手 地，亲手地 如： All these toys are made by hand, not on a machine. 所有这些玩具都是手 制作的，不是 机器生产的。 You’d better deliver her invitation by hand since she lives so close. 既然她住的这么近，你最好亲自将邀 请给她。

4. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly, in a way that can be compared with the introduction of the Internet in the 20 th century. 从那以后，知识和思想迅速传播开来， 其速度之快，可与20世纪英特网的引入 相媲美。 第一个that表示印刷术的发展使更多人 开始读书，第二个that是定语从句的引 导词，从句修饰way.

5. Today information can be received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in books … rather than 而不是，胜于。

eg. I want to wear the black shoes rather than the brown ones. 我想穿双黑色的鞋，而不想穿褐色的。 Everybody likes to go to the cinema this evening rather than stay at home. 今晚大家都想去看电影，而不愿意呆在 家里。

Exercises

Ⅰ. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。 1. This kind of machines was produced ____ ( 生产) in Shenyang. wood 2. Tables are usually made of _____ (木材). 3. The invention ____ (发明) of computers marked the beginning of a new age. Cotton (棉花) is grown in Xinjiang 4. ____ province. ink (墨水). 5. She likes to write in blue ____

6. My knowledge _____ (知识) of English is very poor. 7. Please tell me if it was created ______ (创造) in 1880? spread (散播) the news around 8. He ____ the town. 9. The introduction _____ (引进) of the new technology has changed our life a lot. 10. The post office is just two ____ blocks ( 街区) away from our house.