Module 4 Configuring Active Directory Sites and Replication

Module 4: Configuring Active Directory Sites and Replication

Module Overview • Overview of Active Directory Domain Services Replication • Overview of AD DS Sites and Replication • Configuring and Monitoring AD DS Replication

Lesson 1: Overview of Active Directory Domain Services Replication • How Active Directory Replication Works • How AD DS Replication Works Within a Site • Resolving Replication Conflicts • Optimizing Replication • What Are Directory Partitions? • What Is Replication Topology? • How Directory Partitions and the Global Catalog Are Replicated • How the Replication Topology Is Generated • Demonstration: Creating and Configuring Connection Objects

How Active Directory Replication Works Active Directory replication: • Uses a multimaster model • Uses pull replication • Uses store and forward replication • Uses loose consistency with convergence Changes that initiate replication include: • Addition of an object to Active Directory • Modification of an object’s attribute values • Deletion of an object from the directory

How AD DS Replication Works Within a Site In a single site: • Domain controllers notify replication partners when updates are applied • For normal updates, the change notification happens 15 seconds after the change is applied • Notifications for security related changes are sent immediately • Replication updates are not compressed

Resolving Replication Conflicts In a multimaster replication model, replication conflicts can arise when: • The same attribute is changed on two domain controllers simultaneously • An object is moved or added to a deleted container on another domain controller • Two objects with the same relative distinguished name are added to the same container on two different domain controllers To resolve replication conflicts, AD DS uses: • Version number • Time stamp • Server GUID

Optimizing Replication • In a multimaster replication model, AD DS updates can be replicated using multiple paths • AD DS uses update sequence numbers, high watermarks, and up-to-dateness vectors to ensure that updates are replicated to a specific domain controller only once

What Are Directory Partitions? Contains: Definitions and rules for creating and manipulating objects and attributes Forest Schema Configuration Domain Information about the Active Directory structure Information about domainspecific objects <Domain> Configurable replication <Application> Active Directory Database Information about applications

What Is Replication Topology? A 1 A 2 B 2 A 3 A 4 B 3 B 1 Domain controllers in Domain from various domains the same domain Domain A Topology Domain B Topology

How Directory Partitions and the Global Catalog Are Replicated Global catalog server A 1 A 2 B 2 A 3 A 4 B 3 B 1 Global catalog server Domain controllers from various domains Domain A topology Domain B topology Schema and configuration topology Global catalog replication

How the Replication Topology Is Generated Active Directory uses the KCC to establish a replication path between domain controllers • Each domain controller has two replication partners for each Active Directory partition • The KCC creates two one-way connection objects between replication partners to ensure that no two domain controllers are ever more than three network hops away • When a new domain controller is added to a site, the KCC recalculates connection objects • Connection objects can replicate one or more partitions

Demonstration: Creating and Configuring Connection Objects In this demonstration, you will see how to create connection objects and configure existing connection objects

Lesson 2: Overview of AD DS Sites and Replication • What Are AD DS Sites and Site Links? • Discussion: Why Implement Additional Sites? • Demonstration: Configuring AD DS Sites • How Replication Works Between Sites • Comparing Replication Within Sites and Between Sites • Demonstration: Configuring AD DS Site Links • What Is the Inter-site Topology Generator? • How Unidirectional Replication Works

What Are AD DS Sites and Site Links? Sites: A 1 • Identify network locations with fast reliable network connections A 2 IP Subnet • Are associated with subnet objects in Active Directory Site B 1 B 2 B 3 IP Subnet Site Link

Discussion: Why Implement Additional Sites? • Why would an organization choose to implement additional sites? • What are the benefits and disadvantages of creating additional sites?

Demonstration: Configuring AD DS Sites In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Create sites and subnets • Move domain controllers to other sites

How Replication Works Between Sites You can configure: A 1 A 2 • Replication paths between sites • Replication schedules and frequency Site • Replication protocols B 1 B 2 B 3 Site Link

Comparing Replication Within Sites and Between Sites Replication Within Sites: A 1 Assumes fast and highly reliable network links IP Subnet Does not compress replication traffic A 2 IP Subnet Replication Uses a change notification mechanism A 1 IP Subnet Replication A 2 B 1 IP Subnet Replication B 2 IP Subnet Replication Between Sites: Assumes limited available bandwidth and unreliable network links Compresses all replication traffic between sites Occurs on a manual schedule

Demonstration: Configuring AD DS Site Links In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Configure the default site link • Create additional site links • Add sites to the site links

What Is the Inter-site Topology Generator? Inter-site topology generator A 1 IP Subnet • The inter-site topology generator defines the replication between sites on a network Bridgehead server A 2 Replication IP Subnet B 1 Replication IP Subnet B 2 Inter-site topology generator Replication IP Subnet Bridgehead server

How Unidirectional Replication Works • Unidirectional replication ensures that changes to a read-only domain controller are never replicated to any other domain controller

Lesson 3: Configuring and Monitoring AD DS Replication • What Is a Bridgehead Server? • Demonstration: Configuring Bridgehead Servers • Demonstration: Configuring Replication Availability and Scheduling • What Is Site Link Bridging? • Demonstration: Modifying Site Link Bridges • What Is Universal Group Membership Caching? • Demonstration: Configuring Universal Group Membership Caching • Demonstration: Tools for Monitoring and Managing Replication

What Is a Bridgehead Server? A bridgehead server: IP Subnet • Sends and receives replicated data • Is designated for each partition in the site Bridgehead Server A 1 IP Subnet Replication IP Subnet B 1 Bridgehead Server

Demonstration: Configuring Bridgehead Servers In this demonstration, you will see how to configure bridgehead servers

Demonstration: Configuring Replication Availability and Frequency In this demonstration, you will see how to configure the site link object to manage replication between sites

What Is Site Link Bridging? B 1 B 2 IP Subnet Site Link AB B 3 IP Subnet Site B Site Link BC Site Link Bridge A 1 C 2 A 2 Site A IP Subnet C 1 Site C IP Subnet

Demonstration: Modifying Site Link Bridges In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Disable site link bridging • Create a new site link bridge

What Is Universal Group Membership Caching? Global Catalog Server A 1 • Enables domain controllers in a site with no global catalog servers to cache universal group membership IP Subnet Bridgehead server A 2 IP Subnet B 1 Bridgehead server

Demonstration: Configuring Universal Group Membership Caching In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Configure universal group membership caching for a site • Configure the source for caching

Demonstration: Tools for Monitoring and Managing Replication In this demonstration you will see how to: • Identify the domain controller holding the ISTG role • Force the KCC to run, and how to force replication • Use Repadmin, NLTest, and DCDiag

Lab: Configuring Active Directory Sites and Replication • Exercise 1: Configuring AD DS Sites and Subnets • Exercise 2: Configuring AD DS Replication • Exercise 3: Monitoring AD DS Replication Logon information Virtual machine NYC-DC 1, LONDC 1, MIA-RODC, NYC-RAS User name Administrator Password Pa$$w 0 rd Estimated time: 60 minutes

Lab Review • What additional changes would you need to make to the AD DS site configuration if you needed to ensure that all replication traffic in the New-York site passed through NYC -DC 2? • What additional changes would you need to make if you implemented another WAN connection between Tokyo and London, and wanted to use that WAN connection for AD DS replication instead of routing all replication changes through New. York-Site? • Why did you force the domain controllers in the lab to update their IP addresses in DNS?

Module Review and Takeaways • Review questions • Considerations for configuring AD DS sites and replication • Tools

Beta Feedback Tool Beta feedback tool helps: • § § § • Collect student roster information, module feedback, and course evaluations. Identify and sort the changes that students request, thereby facilitating a quick team triage. Save data to a database in SQL Server that you can later query. Walkthrough of the tool

Beta Feedback Overall flow of module: • § § Which topics did you think flowed smoothly, from topic to topic? Was something taught out of order? Pacing: • § § § Were you able to keep up? Are there any places where the pace felt too slow? Were you able to process what the instructor said before moving on to next topic? Did you have ample time to reflect on what you learned? Did you have time to formulate and ask questions? Learner activities: • § § § Which demos helped you learn the most? Why do you think that is? Did the lab help you synthesize the content in the module? Did it help you to understand how you can use this knowledge in your work environment? Were there any discussion questions or reflection questions that really made you think? Were there questions you thought weren’t helpful?