Module 27 Solar PV Module Technologies Module 1















- Slides: 15

Module 2/7: Solar PV Module Technologies

Module 1 : Solar Technology Basics Module 2: Solar Photo Voltaic Module Technologies Module 3: Designing Solar PV Systems (Rooftops) Module 4: Designing Solar PV Systems ( Utility Scale) Module 5: Financial Analysis Module 6: DPR (Detailed Project Report) & EPC Module 7: The present Solar industry scenario and the future

Semiconductors used for solar cells II IV V VI B C (6) Al Si (14) P S Zn Ga Ge (32) As Se Cd In Sb Te Semiconductors: ü Elementary – Si, Ge. ü Compound – Ga. As, In. P, Cd. Te. ü Ternary – Al. Ga. As, Hg. Cd. Te, CIS. ü Quaternary – CIGS, In. Ga. As. P, In. Ga. AIP.

Cell Technologies Crystalline silicon Pure and efficient Monocrystalline 15 -19% efficiency Multicrystalline Non Silicon based Thin film Silicon based 12 -15% efficiency Cd. Te 8. 5% efficiency CIGS 9 -11% efficiency Amorphous 5 -7% efficiency

Technology Differences Optical Properties • Band gap (direct, indirect) • Absorption Coefficient • Absorption length Manufacturing • Absorber material • Cells • Modules Electrical Properties • Carrier Lifetime • Mobility • Diffusion length Performance • Efficiency • Current, Voltage and FF • Effect of temperature and radiation

Optical Properties: Band Gaps üFixed band gap of c-Si material (mono, multi). üTunable gaps of thin film compound semiconductors. Once a module is fixed, there can be no modification.

Optical Properties: Direct and Indirect band gap semiconductor ü High absorption probability. ü Thinner material only. ü Low absorption probability. ü Thicker material only.

Optical Properties: Material absorption lengths Absorption Length in Microns (for approx. 73% incoming light absorption) Wavelength (nm) c-Si a-Si CIGS Ga. As 400 nm (3. 1 e. V) 0. 15 0. 05 0. 09 600 nm (2 e. V) 1. 8 0. 14 0. 06 0. 18 800 nm (1. 55 e. V) 9. 3 Not absorbed 0. 14 1. 1 1000 nm(1. 24 e. V) 180. 9 Not absorbed 0. 25 Not absorbed ü Absorption length is much higher for Si because of lower absorption coefficient. ü Longer wavelength photons require more materials to get absorbed.

Electrical Properties: Mobility: Ease with which carriers move in semiconductor. Lifetime: Average time carriers spend in excited state. Diffusion Length: Average length travelled by carrier before recombining due to concentration difference.

Electrical Properties: Drift and Diffusion lengths Diffusion: Carrier movement due to concentration difference. Diffusion length: Average length travelled by carrier before recombination due to concentration difference. Drift: Carrier movement due to electric field. Drift length: Average length travelled by carrier before recombination under electric field.

Electrical Properties: Drift and Diffusion lengths High quality material scenario ü Carrier are transported by diffusion to the junction. Low quality material scenario ü Diffusion length are small. ü Large diffusion length. ü Drift length is about 10 times greater than diffusion length. ü Junction is very thin. ü Intrinsic layer is thicker.

Manufacturing: The difference Crystalline Technology Thin Film ü Mono-crystalline and Poly-crystalline üThe absorber layer is deposited in Si substrates are grown. the thin film cells. üThe substrate act as a light absorber ü A supporting substrate is required material. since the films are thin.

Performances ü Average module efficiencies are increasing for all technologies. ü PV module efficiencies lag behind as compared to laboratory cell efficiencies.

Temperature Coefficient ü Thin Film modules perform better due to smaller temperature coefficient. ü Temperature Coefficient could result in higher electricity generation.

Shading Effects
ONGRID VS OFFGRID SOLAR OnGrid Solar is solar
Solar Kaycie Seth Ryan Solar Energy Solar Energy
Solar Cells Outline SingleJunction Solar Cells MultiJunction Solar
Our Solar System The Solar System Our solar
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Solar Edge Technologies Presented by Richard Fuell Solar
Solar Thermal Technologies Food dryers Solar Ovens Air
LAN Technologies LAN TECHNOLOGIES LAN Technologies Technology Options
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