MODULE 19 Machine Guarding https www osha govdtegrantmaterialsfy

MODULE 19 Machine Guarding https: //www. osha. gov/dte/grant_materials/fy 06/46 f 6. . . /19_machine_guarding 2. ppt

What hazards exist? § Crushed by or drawn into equipment § Struck by moving parts § Struck by failed components or particles 2 © 2006 TEEX

Key parts of machines 1. Point of operation: where work is performed on the material, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or forming of stock. 2. Power Transmission Device: transmits energy to the part of the machine performing the work § 3 Includes flywheels, pulleys, belts, connecting rods, couplings, cams, spindles, chains, cranks, and gears. © 2006 TEEX

Key parts of machines 3. Operation Controls: Control mechanisms 4. Other moving parts: can include reciprocating, rotating, and transverse moving parts, feed mechanisms, and auxiliary parts of the machine 4 © 2006 TEEX

Hazards to be Guarded § Things to guard include § § § 5 In-running nip points Rotating equipment Flying chips or sparks Belts or gears Parts that impact or shear © 2006 TEEX

Rotating Parts § Can grip hair or clothing § Can force the body into a dangerous position § Projecting pieces increase risk 6 © 2006 TEEX

In-Running Nip Points § Between 2 rotating parts § Between rotating and tangential parts § Between rotating and fixed parts which shear, crush, or abrade 7 © 2006 TEEX

Reciprocating Parts § Risk of being struck between stationary and moving part 8 © 2006 TEEX

Transverse motion § Continuous straight line motion § Worker struck or caught in pinch or shear point 9 © 2006 TEEX

Cutting action § Direct injury from cutting action § Flying chips or sparks § Saws, drills, lathes, mills 10 © 2006 TEEX

Punching action § Ram stamps materials § Danger at point of operation 11 © 2006 TEEX

Shearing action § Powered blade that shears materials § Hazard at point of operation 12 © 2006 TEEX

Bending action § Power applied to a slide to stamp/shape materials § Hazard at point of operation 13 © 2006 TEEX

Guarding Principles § Prevent contact between hazardous moving parts and body or clothing § Secure guard: not easily removed § Protect from objects falling into machinery § No new hazards: sharp/rough edges § No interference with job/comfort/speed § Allow safe lubrication: without removing guards if possible 14 © 2006 TEEX

Guarding Methods § Location / distance § Guards § § 15 Fixed Interlocked Adjustable Self-adjusting © 2006 TEEX

Guarding Methods § Devices § § Presence sensing Pullback Restraint Safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand control, etc. ) § Gates 16 © 2006 TEEX

Guarding Methods § Feeding & ejection methods § Automatic and/or semi-automatic feed and ejection § Robots § Miscellaneous aids § Awareness barriers § Protective shields § Hand-feeding tools 17 © 2006 TEEX

Fixed Guard § Barrier is a permanent part of machine § Preferable over other types 18 © 2006 TEEX

Interlocked Guard § Stops motion when guard is opened or removed Interlocked guard on revolving drum 19 © 2006 TEEX

Adjustable Guard § Barrier may be adjusted for variable operations § What are the drawbacks? 20 Bandsaw blade adjustable guard © 2006 TEEX

Self-Adjusting Guard § Adjusts according to size/position of material Circular table saw self-adjusting guard 21 © 2006 TEEX

Pullback Device § Cables attached to operator’s hands or wrists § Removes hands from point of operation during danger period § What are the drawbacks? 22 © 2006 TEEX

Restraint Device § Cables attached to fixed point and wrists or hands § Adjustable to let hands travel in predetermined area § May be accompanied by hand-feeding tools 23 © 2006 TEEX

Safety Tripwire Cable § Device located around the perimeter of or near the danger area § Operator must be able to reach the cable to stop the machine 24 © 2006 TEEX

Two-Hand Control § Requires constant pressure on both pads to activate the machine § Hands on controls at safe distance while machine is in dangerous cycle 25 © 2006 TEEX

Gate § Must close fully to protect user before cycle will start Gate Open 26 Gate Closed © 2006 TEEX

Safeguarding by Location/Distance § Location of hazardous parts that is inaccessible or not a hazard during normal operation § Must maintain safe distance § Training, warning, communication necessary 27 © 2006 TEEX

Protective Shields § Protection from flying particles or splashing fluids § Do not protect completely from machine hazards 28 © 2006 TEEX

What regulations apply? § 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O § 29 CFR 1910 Subpart P for hand portable power tools § API RP 54 6. 8 Machinery and Tools 29 © 2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910 SUBPART O Machinery and Machine Guarding

Organization 211. Definitions 212. General requirements for all machines 213. Woodworking machinery requirements 215. Abrasive wheel machinery 216. Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries 217. Mechanical power presses 218. Forging machines 219. Mechanical power-transmission apparatus 31 © 2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910. 212 General Requirements

1910. 212(a) Machine guarding 1. One or more types of guarding to protect from hazards. § § Barrier guards Two-hand tripping devices Electronic safety devices Etc. 2. Affixed to machine where possible § 33 Guard must not cause its own hazard © 2006 TEEX

1910. 212(a) Machine guarding 3. Point of operation guarding: ii. Guarded if exposes employee to injury § § According to standards or Keep any part of body out of danger zone iii. Hand tools to permit material handling – in addition to guards, not instead iv. Examples of machines requiring guards on point of operation 34 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 212(a) Machine guarding 4. Revolving barrels, drums, containers guarded by interlocked enclosure (cannot turn without guard in place) 5. Exposure to fan blades: guard openings 1/2 inch 35 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 212(b) Anchoring fixed machinery § Machines designed for fixed location must be anchored to prevent moving This pedestal grinder is designed for anchoring, but is not anchored 36 © 2006 TEEX

Abrasive Wheel Machinery 29 CFR 1910. 215

1910. 215(a) General requirements § Abrasive wheels must be guarded, with exceptions § Guard design dependent on type of work and type of wheel 38 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 215(a) General requirements § Work rests: § Rigid, clamped in place securely § Adjusted to within 1/8 inch of wheel § Never adjusted while in motion Work rest is closely adjusted 39 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 215(b)(9) Exposure adjustment § For type where operator stands in front of opening: Adjustable for decreasing wheel size § Adjustable tongue guard must never be more than ¼ inch from wheel 40 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 215(d) Mounting § Inspect for damage and ring test immediately before mounting § Tap with light nonmetallic implement (screwdriver, wooden mallet) § If sound is dead, cracked ring may not be used § Check spindle speed against maximum for wheel 41 © 2006 TEEX

Ring Test 42 © 2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910. 219 Mechanical Power. Transmission Apparatus

Organization of 1910. 219 (a) General requirements (b) Prime-mover guards (1) Flywheels (2) Cranks and connecting rods (3) Tail rods or extension piston rods (c) Shafting (d) Pulleys 44 © 2006 TEEX

Organization of 1910. 219 (e) Belt, rope, and chain drives (f) Gears, sprockets, and chains (g) Guarding friction drives (h) Keys, setscrews, and other projections (i) Collars and couplings (j) Bearings and facilities for oiling (k) Guarding of clutches, cutoff couplings, and clutch pulleys 45 © 2006 TEEX

Organization of 1910. 219 (l) Belt shifters, clutches, shippers, poles, perches, and fasteners (m) Standard guards-general requirements (o) Approved materials (p) Care of equipment 46 © 2006 TEEX

Machine Guarding Safety Responsibilities

Safety Responsibilities § Management: § Ensure all machinery is properly guarded § Supervisors: § Train employees on specific guard rules in their areas § Ensure machine guards remain in place and are functional § Immediately correct machine guard deficiencies § Employees: § Do not remove guards unless machine is locked and tagged § Report machine guard problems to supervisors immediately § Do not operate equipment unless guards are in place 48 © 2006 TEEX

Training § Operators/affected employees should receive training on: § Hazards associated with particular machines § How the safeguards provide protection and the hazards for which they are intended § How and why to use the safeguards § How and when safeguards can be removed and by whom § What to do if a safeguard is damaged, missing, or unable to provide adequate protection 49 © 2006 TEEX

Hand Portable Power Tools 29 CFR 1910 Subpart P and 1926 Subpart I

Construction vs. General Industry § Construction, alteration, or repair? § Applicable standard depends on type of operations: § 1910 Subpart P: Hand Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment § 1926 Subpart I: Tools – Hand Power 51 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 242 General § Employer is responsible for safe condition of tools and equipment § Including equipment furnished by employee § Compressed air must not be used for cleaning unless: § Reduced to <30 p. s. i. § Only with effective chip guarding and PPE 52 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 243(a) Portable powered tools § Portable circular saws >2 in. guarded § § Switches and controls: § § 53 Automatic return to covering position constant pressure control for circular and chain saws other controls for other tools as appropriate © 2006 TEEX

1910. 243(a) Portable powered tools § Portable belt sanding machine guarding § Nip points § Unused run of sanding belt § Cracked saws: remove from service § Grounding: Meet Subpart S 54 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 243(b) Pneumatic powered tools and hose § Tool retainer to prevent ejection § Airhose designed for applied pressure and service 55 © 2006 TEEX

1910. 243 Guarding of portable powered tools c. Portable abrasive wheels: § § Must be guarded Ring test and inspection d. Explosive actuated fastening tools e. Power lawnmowers § § 56 Guarding Controls and shutoff device Labeling, manuals Design © 2006 TEEX

1910. 244 Other portable tools and equipment a. Jacks § § Loading and marking Operation and maintenance b. Abrasive blast cleaning nozzles: operating valve and support 57 © 2006 TEEX

1926. 300 General requirements § Maintained in safe condition whether furnished by employer or employee § Shall be guarded when designed to accommodate guards § Moving parts that create hazards shall be guarded by one or more methods § Fan openings; anchoring machinery 58 © 2006 TEEX

1926. 300 General requirements § Abrasive wheel guards § PPE if necessary for objects, particles, gases § Allowable switches by tool type 59 © 2006 TEEX

1926. 301 Hand tools § Use of unsafe hand tools not permitted § Wrenches shall not be used when jaws are sprung to the point of slippage § Including adjustable, pipe, end & socket wrenches § Impact tools shall be kept free of mushroomed heads § Such as drift pins, wedges & chisels § Wooden handles shall be kept § Free of splinters or cracks § Tight in the tool 60 © 2006 TEEX

1926. 302 Power-operated hand tools § Electric power-operated tools § Double-insulated or grounded § Never hold by the cord § Pneumatic power-operated tools § § 61 Secure tools, attachments, and muzzle Compressed air use restrictions Never hold by the hose Reduce pressure in case of hose failure © 2006 TEEX

1926. 302 Power-operated hand tools § Fuel operated tools § Stop while refueling or servicing § Watch concentrations in enclosed spaces § Hydraulic power tools § Fire-resistant fluids § Safe operating pressures § Powder-actuated tools 62 © 2006 TEEX

1926 Subpart I Organization § § § 63 1926. 303 Abrasive wheels and tools 1926. 304 Woodworking tools 1926. 305 Jacks 1926. 306 Air receivers 1926. 307 Mechanical powertransmission apparatus © 2006 TEEX