Module 14 Classical Conditioning Module Overview Experiencing Classical

Module 14 Classical Conditioning

Module Overview • • • Experiencing Classical Conditioning Components of Classical Conditioning Processes Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery Generalization and Discrimination John Watson and the Classical Conditioning of Emotions • Cognition and Biological Predispositions Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

Module 14: Classical Conditioning Experiencing Classical Conditioning

Learning • A relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience.

_______Conditioning • A type of learning in which a ______ gains the power to cause a response. • The stimulus ______ another stimulus that already produces that _____ • Form of learning by _______

Stimulus-Response • ______ - anything in the environment that one can respond to. • ______ – any behavior or action.

Stimulus-Response Relationship

Stimulus-Response Relationship

Module 14: Classical Conditioning Components of Classical Conditioning

_______ Stimulus (US) • A _______ that triggers a response _______ and automatically. • Classical conditioning cannot happen with a unconditioned stimulus.

______ Response (UR) • An ______ response to the unconditioned stimulus. • The relationship between the UCS and UCR must be reflexive and automatic, not learned

_______ Stimulus (CS) • A previously _____ stimulus that, • through ______, gains the power to cause a response. • The CS must be a neutral stimulus before conditioning occurs.

_______ Response (CR) • The ______ to the conditioned _______. • Usually the same behavior as the UCR

Module 14: Classical Conditioning Processes

Acquisition • The process of _______ a ______ response. • The subject learns a new response (CR) to a previously neutral stimulus (CS)

Acquisition

Module 14: Classical Conditioning Processes: Extinction

_______ • In ______ conditioning, the _______ of a learned response after repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone. • In classical conditioning, the continual presentation of the CS without the UCS

Extinction

Module 14: Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery

Ivan Pavlov (1849 -1936) • Russian physiologist and learning theorist famous for discovery of _______conditioning, in which learning occurs through association.

Pavlov’s Method of Collecting Saliva

Pavlov’s Research Apparatus

Pavlov’s Experiment

Module 14: Classical Conditioning Generalization and Discrimination

________ • Producing the _____ response to two similar _____. • The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response

Generalization

________ • The ability to ________ between two signals or s______ and produce different responses. • The subject learns that one stimuli predicts the UCS and the other does not.

Module 14: Classical Conditioning John Watson and the Classical Conditioning of Emotions

________ • The theory that psychology should only study _______ behaviors, not mental processes. • Founded by John _______

John Watson • Founder of behaviorism, • theory that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, • not mental processes

_____ Albert • 11 -month-old infant • Watson and Rosalie Rayner, conditioned Albert to be frightened of _____rats • Led to questions about experimental ______

Little Albert – Before Conditioning

Little Albert – During Conditioning

Little Albert – After Conditioning

Little Albert - Generalization

Module 14: Classical Conditioning Cognition and Biological Predispositions

_______ • All mental processes associated with _____, ______, and remembering. • What effect does cognition have on learning?

Robert Rescorla (1940 - ) • Developed, along with Allan Wagner, • a theory that emphasized the importance of ______ processes in ______ conditioning. • Pointed out that subjects had to determine (think) whether the CS was a reliable predictor of the UCS

___________ • Subjects become classically conditioned to avoid _____ tastes, because the tastes are associated with nausea. • John Garcia (1917 -2012)