MODIS Team Meeting January 4 6 2006 MODIS

MODIS Team Meeting. January 4 -6, 2006 MODIS Sea-Surface Temperatures for MODIS/OBPG and GHRSST-PP Robert H. Evans & Peter J. Minnett Otis Brown, Erica Key, Goshka Szczodrak, Kay Kilpatrick, Warner Baringer, Sue Walsh Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami

Outline • MODIS/GHRSST division of effort • Status of MODIS SST • MODIS approach to Error Statistics • Initial observations – Space and Time resolution of sst analysis fields has important implications for sst retrieval coverage and quality – High latitude summer bias and standard deviation are likely too large. Available in situ data are sparse • Conclusions

Real Time MODIS for GHRSST July, 2005 formation of MODIS SST processing team (JPL, OBPG - GSFC, Miami) Division of effort: Miami - algorithm development, cal/val, base code development OBPG (Bryan Franz) integrate code into OBPG processing, process MODIS Terra, Aqua; day, night; global 1 km; SST, SST 4; transfer files to JPL PO. DAAC (J. Vazquez, E. Armstrong) convert OBPG files into L 2 P, add remaining fields, ice mask, distance to clouds…, transfer files to Monterrey

Marine-Atmosphere Emitted Radiance Interferometer The mean discrepancies in the M-AERI 02 measurements of the NIST – characterized water bath blackbody calibration target in two spectral intervals where the atmosphere absorption and emission are low. Discrepancies are M-AERI minus NIST temperatures.

M-AERI cruises for MODIS validation 2564 days of data to December 31 , 2005. All with no ship costs charged to NASA.

M-AERI cruises for MODIS validation Explorer of the Seas 2564 days of data to December 31 , 2005. All with no ship costs charged to NASA.

M-AERI & ISAR cruises in 2006 (planned) Order 500 observation days planned

Buoy measurements

MODIS Collection 5 changes New MODIS instrument calibrations from MCST Time dependant SST and SST 4 algorithm coefficients Time dependant Mirror side corrections (Terra only) Improved cloud flagging - use of a more stringent Reynolds test - day 865 nm reflectance for clouds & aerosols - night sst, sst 4 comparison for clouds & aerosols Change in map file resolution from SMI power of 2 projections to a true 4 km, 36 km and 1 degree and maps to better assist incorporation of MODIS SST data into models.

Aqua Collection 4 & 5 SST & SST 4 residuals

Terra Collection 4 & 5 Mirror Side 1 & 2 residuals

Collection 5 validation Statistics Aqua Terra

MODIS Single Sensor Error Statistics Approach Bias and Standard Deviation Hypercube dimensions (partitioning of Match-up database): - Time- quarter of year (4) - Latitude band (5): "60 S to 40 S" "40 S to 20 S" "20 S to 20 N" "20 N to 40 N" "40 N to 60 N" - Sat Zenith angle intervals (4): "0 to 30 deg" "30+ to 40 deg" "40+ to 50 deg" "50+ deg" - Surface temperature intervals (8): 5 degree intervals - Channel difference intervals: SST(3), SST 4(4) ch 31 -32 (SST): 0. 7<, 0. 7 ->2. 0, >2. 0 ch 22 -23 (SST 4) 0. 5 degree intervals: -0. 5<, -0. 5 ->0, >0 ->0. 5, >0. 5 -Quality level (2) cube created only for ql=0 and 1 Note for ql 2 and 3 the bias and standard deviation are each fixed to a single value -Day/Night No interpolation between adjacent cells in Hypercube

11 -12 μm nighttime Terra February 1 Every other orbit shown to eliminate orbit overlap 2005 SST Hypercube Quality 0 Bias 4 km Hypercube residuals relative to in situ obs Bias relative to Reynolds Hypercube Quality 0 STD

Quality 0 & 1 Terra SST Global Bias from Hypercube and DT analysis Quality 0 Predicted bias Quality 0 Sat - buoy Oct 31, 2005 night Sat - Reynolds OI Oct 31, 2005 night Median -0. 1 Quality 1 Predicted bias Median -0. 4 DT Quality 1 DT

Challenge of using SST analysis field as reference SST 4 night Terra Oct 31, 2005 -Top Left Hypercube bias -Bottom Left DT analysis bias -Top Right Areal coverage using OI-Sat<3 K -Bottom Right Areal coverage using all pixels Ql=0 High gradient, mesoscale variability not represented by OI Contemporaneous higher resolution analysis (better than 25 km desired, e. g NAVO K 10 product, 10 km) all

Night 2003074 SST 4, MODIS TERRA Aerosol & Cloud Masking AQUA AMSR-MODIS Blue=dust aerosol

Day and night SST/4 -AMSR residuals with Saharan dust aerosols SST 4

11 -12 μm MODIS SST Aqua and Terra, day and night, Every other orbit shown to eliminate orbit overlap May 1, 2005 Aqua Day Terra Day Aqua Night Terra Night

Diurnal Warming 11 -12 μm MODIS DT analysis Aqua and Terra, day and night Every other orbit shown to eliminate orbit overlap May 1, 2005 Aqua Night - 0130 Terra Day Terra Night - 2230 - 1030 Aqua Day - 1330

Conclusions -New monthly coefficients removed seasonal bias trends, Terra mirror side trends coefficients delivered for Terra and Aqua -SST 4 rms order 0. 35 C, SST order 0. 45 -SST 4 less affected by dust aerosols, water vapor -Improved quality filtering removed cold clouds and significant dust aerosol concentrations -Introduction of SSES hypercube provides insight into bias and standard deviation trends as a function of time, latitude, temperature, satellite zenith angle, brightness temperature difference as a proxy for water vapor and retrieval quality level -Hypercube developed and tested for Terra and Aqua -Base code for SST and SST 4 delivered to OBPG -Delivery of Hypercube code in progress

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