Modified Diets Vegetarian Diet Test Your Knowledge True

Modified Diets Vegetarian Diet

Test Your Knowledge True or False Q 1. Coeliac disease is a lifelong autoimmune condition. True or False Q 2. Abdominal pain and diarrhoea are possible symptoms of coeliac disease. True or False Q 3. Gluten causes the body’s defence system to form hormones which mistakenly attack the villi of the small intestine. True or False Q 4. Rye is a naturally gluten-free food. True or False Q 5. Corn(maize) and rice should be avoided by individuals with coeliac disease. True or False

Modified Diets (HL) Definition Any diet altered to include or exclude certain foods or nutrients Reasons for modifying a diet? ● Personal Choice – vegetarianism ● Health reasons – diabetes; obesity; bowel disorders

Modified Diets Coeliac Disease Definition An autoimmune condition that causes the immune system to mistake gluten as a threat to the body. The body’s defence system then forms antibodies that attack the villi on internal surface of small intestine. This damage disrupts the body’s ability to absorb nutrients from food, leading to malnourishment

Modified Diets Coeliac Disease Symptoms ● Nausea and vomiting ● Diarrhoea ● Bloating and abdominal pain ● Weight loss ● Tiredness and fatigue ● Slow growth in children due to lack of nutrients

Modified Diets Coeliac Disease Dietary Guidelines for those with Coeliac Disease ● Omit all foods containing gluten(wheat, barley, oats and rye) ● Include more rice and corn (naturally glutenfree) in the diet, to ensure a balanced diet ● Use a range of gluten-free foods eg gluten-free bread, breakfast cereals ● Read ingredient lists on food labels carefully, especially processed foods and check to see if the foods carry the gluten-free symbol

Modified Diets Coeliac Disease Foods Suitable gluten- free foods (natural) ● Fish ● Meat ● Rice ● Yoghurt ● Cheese ● Eggs ● Vegetables ● Fruit Suitable gluten- free foods (processed) Unsuitable foods containing gluten ● Commercial glutenfree versions of bread, pasta, biscuits and cakes ● Biscuits ● Bread ● Sausages ● Cakes ● Soups ● Sauces eg roux sauce ● Breaded/battered fish, poultry products

Learning Check Define coeliac condition. Name three foods which should be avoided by a person with coeliac condition.

Modified Diets Vegetarianism Definition The practice of not eating meat or fish, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons

Modified Diets Vegetarian Diets Lacto –vegetarian diets Milk and dairy products allowed No eggs meat or fish Lacto-ovo vegetarian diets Milk, dairy products and eggs allowed No meat and fish Pesco-vegetarian diets Milk, dairy products eggs and fish allowed No meat HL Pollo-vegetarian diets Milk, dairy products eggs and poultry allowed No red meat or fish Vegan diets Plant based foods only No milk, dairy products, eggs, meat and fish

Modified Diets Vegetarian Diet Reasons for choice ● Health – low in saturated fat, higher in dietary fibre ● Religion/culture – Buddists follow a vegetarian diet (believe killing animals is wrong) ● Sensory factors – some people do not like th smell, appearance, taste and texture of meat and fish ● Economic – cheaper as meat and fish excluded from diet ● Family – a person may have adapted eating habits as a child as a result of other family members practicing a vegetarian diet ● Ethics – wrong to kill/harm animals; disagree with intensive farming practices eg. caged hens

Modified Diets Vegetarian Dietary Guidelines ● Each meal should be nutritionally balanced ● Suitable meat alternatives – TVP(textured vegetable protein); tofu; mycoprotein eg. Quorn ● Milk, cheese and yoghurt should be included in vegetarian dishes for calcium and HBV protein ● Combine two or more LBV protein foods to create complete proteins in the diet ● Include fortified products eg milk to increase intake of B 12 and calcium consumption ● Use vegetable stock cubes in soups and sauces instead of chicken, fish or beef ● Vegans should include dairy food alternatives eg soya milk – adequate calcium and Vitamin D intake ● Omit animal fats from the diet eg butter, use vegetable oils instead eg. olive oil

Modified Diets Vegetarian Diet Advantages ● Reduces risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes – reduced saturated fat intake ● Reduces incidence of bowel disorders – higher fibre intake ● Reduced reliance on processed food so less so sugar and salt intake – reduced risk of high blood pressure(hypertension) and type 2 diabetes ● Higher intake of vitamins and minerals due to a higher consumption of fresh produce eg fruit and vegetables.

Modified Diets Vegetarian Diet Consider the following nutrients to avoid deficiencies Protein Vitamin B 12 ● Include soya beans/soya products – HBV protein ● Include eggs and dairy products in vegetarian diets ● Include meat alternatives eg TVP; tofu; mycoprotein ● Use fortified products eg soya milk and breakfast cereals – prevent deficiency ● Combine 2 or more LBV protein foods to create complete proteins ● Supplements may be necessary in some cases

Modified Diets Vegetarian Diet Consider the following nutrients to avoid deficiencies Zinc Iron ● Include dairy products and eggs in vegetarian diets ● Both haem and non-haem sources of iron should be included eg. green leafy vegetables and cereals as well as pulses ● Include green leafy vegetables, legumes and bread in vegetarian and vegan ● Include foods rich in Vitamin C eg. citrus fruits to enhance iron absorption ● Include some fortified products such as cereals, soya milk and breakfast cereals

Modified Diets Vegetarian Diet Consider the following nutrients to avoid deficiencies Vitamin D ● Include eggs and dairy products in vegetarian diets ● Include fortified foods eg. soya milk and breakfast cereals ● Supplements may be required in certain cases Calcium ● Include green leafy vegetables as well as nuts and seeds in vegetarian and vegan diets ● Dairy products should be included in vegetarian diets

Learning Check Explain the term lacto-vegetarian. Name 2 protein alternatives suitable for the diet of a vegetarian. State 2 specific dietary requirements of a lactovegetarian diet. In relation to each nutrient listed recommend two good sources for a vegan diet. Protein Calcium Iron