Modernization Theory Background Emerged in the US during

Modernization Theory: Background ¡ Emerged in the US during the 1950 s and ‘ 60 s… 1

Modernization Theory: Background ¡ Following the end of World War II 2

Modernization Theory: Background ¡ Three major developments following WWII l l l New development institutions and development emphasis Wave of newly independent countries Emergence of the Cold War and US Anti. Communism 3

New development institutions and development emphasis ¡ International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) l 1944 ¡ ¡ ¡ Recovery of Europe Poor, middleincome countries United Nations Development Program l 1965 ¡ ¡ Democratic governance Poverty reduction

Wave of newly independent countries l Post-WWII dismantling of the European colonial empires

Promoting democracy and blocking spread of communism ¡ Communist threat l Czechoslovakia "fell" to the communists in 1948 l Soviets closed down Berlin followed by US airlift 1949. l 1949 China-Communist l Vietnam, by 1947 Ho Chi Minh leading communists in a civil war against France—Vietnam War l Korea free from Japanese colonialism divided at 38 th parallel into communist North and capitalist South. Korean War 1950 -53

Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress ¡ 1961 l l Latin America 10 -year, multi-billion $ foreign aid program promote economic growth and political reform long-term goal—countering Communism

Modernization Theory: Background ¡ ¡ Promoting democracy and blocking spread of communism Massive US aid across the “bamboo curtain” l l Taiwan (Nationalist) South Korea

Modernization Theory Coincided with Behavioral Revolution ¡ Spearheaded in 1950 s by advocates of more social scientific, empirical approach l l focusing on individual behavior not constitutional doc’s, legal texts Lipset, Political Man, published 1960 ¡ For behavioralists interested in individual -level political behavior, ¡ l survey research became the methodology of choice. 9

Modernization Theory: Key Elements Individual level of analysis ¡ Premised on common perception of Anglo -Saxon (esp’ly US) experience ¡ l Wealth education/middle class modern values democracy l Poverty lack of education traditional values authoritarianism l Note dichotomy between “modern” and “traditional” 10

Dichotomy between modern & traditional (version 1) Modern values ¡ achievement-oriented ¡ rule/merit-based ¡ active ¡ rational Traditional values ascriptive reliance on personal ties passive non-rational, superstitious 11

Modernization Theory: Lipset’s version l Econ development l l l modern values l l Wealth Industrialization Urbanization Education Lipset’s stories democracy 12

Modernization Theory ¡ As you can see, l We still need to explain wealth vs. poverty Stay tuned for next week 13

Modernization Theory: Ronald Inglehart’s Version 14

Dichotomy between modern & traditional (version 2) Civic culture attitudes Traditional attitudes ¡ trust distrust ¡ satisfaction low satisfaction ¡ competence low competence 15

Your turn to become a behavioralist http: //www. worldvaluessurvey. org/