Modern World History Farming Changes Small farms bought
Modern World History
Farming Changes • Small farms bought up by wealthy landowners • Small farmers either gave up and moved to cities or became tenants on large farms. • Enclosures: Stone Walls, tree lines, and hedges were used to corral livestock and also delineate property.
Agricultural Revolution • Crop Rotation improved yield of fields. • Grow different things each season to replenish nutrients. • One field would be left fallow
New Technology contributes to the Agricultural Revolution • Jethro Tull invents the SEED DRILL – Rather than throwing seed all over field – Created spaced rows with seeds at precise depth. Result = Less waste, greater output Modern Seed Drill
Livestock Improvements • How do you get the best offspring? • Only allow the best animals to breed. • Increased average weight of lambs from 18 to 50 lbs.
Why was there an Industrial Revolution? • Agricultural improvements led to more food. More food led to more people because there was a surplus and they could sustain life. • Simple equation: More people = more products.
Land, Labor, Capital! • Abundant natural resources – Water and coal for powering new engines – Iron ore to create tools, machines, buildings – Rivers for transportation within Britain – Harbors for trade abroad • Large population Land Labor Capital
Land, Labor, Capital! • Economy expanding – people willing to invest in new businesses. • Developed banking system provided loans to start new business. • Demand for goods is high overseas. • Political stability.
Metals, Woolens, & Canals
Textile Industry leads the way • Flying shuttle doubled work of weavers • Spinning Jenny allows 8 threads to be worked at once • Water wheels/Grist Mills are used to harness hydro power for the spinning wheels • Spinning Mule – produced stronger thread
The Birth of the Factory • All of these machines were too big for homes • Factories are needed to house the equipment!
James Watt’s Steam Engine
Steam Tractor
Steam Ship
An Early Steam Locomotive
The Impact of the Railroad
In your notes…. • Make a list of 3 inventions that you would have a difficult time living without because each makes life easier or more enjoyable. • Make a list of 3 inventions that aren’t really necessary – you aren’t sure you see the point of them. • What are the positive effects of these inventions, what are the negative consequences? Discuss.
Essential Question to be considering… • Did the Industrial Revolution bring true progress to the world? Yes or no, and why?
ASSEMBLY LINE
What would you see, hear, smell, taste, feel?
The Factory System × Rigid schedule (6 days/week). × 12 -14 hour day. × Low wages. × Dangerous conditions. × Mind-numbing monotony.
Factory Assembly Line Simulation • We will be creating outstanding paper trucks!
Reflection You just got home from a hard day at the factory. You are hungry, exhausted, and ready for bed. You decide to jot down a paragraph entry in your diary about your experiences at the factory today before you go to bed.
Environmental Impact of Industrialization & Urbanization What impact did the I. R. have on the environment?
Industrialization impacts life! • People shifted from rural communities to cities. This results in Urbanization (massive growth of population and building in the cities). • People had a steady (low) income but they were clearly the “have nots”.
Living Conditions in the Cities • No sanitary codes AND No building codes – entire families could live in one room. • Crowded living conditions bring filth & disease (no indoor plumbing) • Most streets have no drains and collected heaps of garbage • Shortage of schools for low income kids so they end up going to work in the factories too.
Tenement houses appear • Tenement Houses: Run-down & overcrowded homes where the poor lived in industrial cities Results of these Living Conditions: • Sickness widespread. • Cholera epidemics. • Short life expectancy
Working Conditions are brutal • On average, most worked 14 hours a day, 6 days a week, for extremely low pay. • Dark, dirty, dangerous conditions • No compensation for injuries • Frequent accidents (see Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire in Favorites) • http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Factory_fire
Check For Understanding: Think-Pair-Share • Describe the LIVING and WORKING conditions experienced during the Industrial Revolution. • One partner: explains living conditions • The other partner: explains working conditions!
Warm up or Closure 1. ) Define urbanization, tenement housing. 2. ) Describe how the growth of urbanization affected the environment and living conditions of the people.
In your notes…. • Segue to Child Labor • Describe a job you have held. What were the “bad” elements of this job? • If you have never had a job, what are some of the “bad” elements of school?
Child Labor Emerges • Children as young as 6 years old are employed by factory owners. • Their small bodies could reach small parts of machinery (textile mills) & fit into small tunnels in coal mines. • Kids are forced into work to help family survive • Go to p. 252 to “Interact with history”
Child Labor Video Clip
Go to Child Labor Gallery and Chart
Hine Report (he traveled between 1908 -1912 documenting the lives of child laborers in the US) *Read Cotton Mills of Mississippi and answer questions • Questions about the Hine Report • • 1. Why did Hine make "quiet visits? " • 2. Why did he visit during "working hours", "noon-hours" and "around homes? " • 3. What kind of information would Hine collect from the children? • 4. Why did Hine keep such accurate records? • 5. Why did Mr. Mitchell move to Meridian, Mississippi? • 6. Why is the statement "miles from any railroad" important? • 7. How would you describe the Mitchell household? • 8. Do you think the Mitchell story is typical? Why or Why not?
“People of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains”
If you were born into this class in India, you were stuck in it! • • • Vaishyas Dalits Kshudras Brahmins Kshatriyas • Assign groups in class and ask them to predict where they fall in the hierarchy
Here are the people that made up these groups…. remember you couldn’t move out of them • • • Vaishyas (business owners) Dalits (untouchables) Kshudras/Sudras (servants) Brahmins (teachers/priests) Kshatriyas (kings/warriors)
Here is the hierarchy of the Indian Caste System
Indian Caste System video clip
A new class system arises as a result of the I. R. in Great Britain Upper class – Landowners, lords, well-to-do merchants , shippers, and factory owners – wealthy lifestyle • • Upper Middle Class – Government employees, doctors, lawyers, managers of factories • Lower Middle Class – Factory managers and skilled workers • Lower Class - Poor – Factory Workers •
Demand vs. Command • What do you think the differences are? Just look at the words themselves. 1. Demand system (US - Capitalism): It is what we have set up here in the US. The consumers (you and me) dictate/demand what kinds of products are going to be supplied to us. Hence, we have a “supply and demand” system. 2. Command system (Socialism and Communism): This is what we saw in the former Soviet Union. The government dictates what the consumers will be supplied with in terms of products.
The 3 major economic systems (apologies to Traditional System-3 rd world) • Capitalism (free market economy…also considered Mixed) System of free enterprise/private ownership • Socialism (mixed economy) Some private ownership/some government ownership (e. g. banks, post offices…. . ). Also, free health care, day care…. • Communism (fixed economy) No private ownership/no public input/no free enterprise
Capitalism vs. Socialism video clip
Turn to p. 267 -272 and complete graphic organizer
Industrialization By 1850
Railroads on the Continent
Share in World Manufacturing Output: 1750 -1900
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