MODERN POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE Modernist Private Homes American Skyscrapers

MODERN & POST-MODERN ARCHITECTURE Modernist Private Homes American Skyscrapers Art Nouveau Bauhaus International Style Post-Modern Trends

Modernist Private Homes n Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine, France, 192930 » Purism - French rationalism with a utopian goal » basic construction - reinforced concrete slabs supported by steel posts • curtain walls - walls that only contain, but do not support » every part of the house is useful & efficient • flat roof doubles as a terrace • open area below for parking cars & storage

Modernist Private Homes n Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater (Kaufmann House), Mill Run, PA, 1937 » house integrated into nature; set over a waterfall » cantilevered concrete terraces supported by local stone piers » tiny bedrooms & baths, but large open living room with hearth as the focus » glass windows all around living areas » maintained by Western PA Conservancy

American Skyscrapers n Louis Sullivan, Wainwright Building, St. Louis, MO, 189091 » Chicago School of Architecture » Steel skeleton + elevators + high cost of urban land=ability & practicality of building tall, multistoried structures » trend setting formula that changes cities drastically » exterior still clad in more traditional decoration

Art Nouveau n Gustav Eiffel, Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1887 -89, 984’ h (3 times size -King’s Island version) » Job given to successful engineer » Built for Paris Universal Exposition, 1889 » Meant to be a temporary structure, but to save it, radio antenna added to top » Innovative use of decorated iron, passenger elevators » Controversial – Is it proper architecture? » Now most famous symbol of Paris

Detail, Eiffel Tower, Color slide © Jeffrey Howe, Boston College

Art Nouveau n Victor Horta, Stairway, Tassel House, Brussels, 1892 -93 » unified interior design conception » new materials & decorations designed to look organic - flowing vine tendrils decorate columns, balustrades, walls, floor tiles, fixtures, etc. n Antonio Gaudí, Casa Milá apartment building, Barcelona, 1905 -7 » undulating stone walls like worn rock » organic metalwork balcony decorations

Bauhaus n Walter Gropius, Bauhaus Building, Dessau, Germany, 1925 -6 » School to promote rationalist approaches to art in Germany » Building reveals the philosophy of the school & its founder, Gropius » “form follows function” • nothing is extraneous & the outside reflects what goes on inside • place to design & produce arts & crafts

International Style n Ludwig Mies van der Rohe & Philip Johnson, Seagram Building, New York City, 1954 -58 » Mies - German architect from the Bauhaus who emigrated to USA before World War II » “Less is more” » developed the glass box; dark glass & bronze ext. w/ steel & concrete int. » set up on piers on a wide plaza for dramatic effect

Post-Modern Architecture n Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers, Centre National d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1971 -7 » once controversial; now one of the most visited sights in Paris THE place to be » Modernist building turned inside out • all mechanical, plumbing, etc. on the outside of a steel & glass box • different utilities are color coded • more open, flexible interior

Post-Modern Trends n Michael Graves, Engineering Research Center » combines Modernist & historical styles » What building styles are evident in the ERC? n n Peter Eisenmann, Aronoff (DAAP) Building Frank O. Gehry, Vontz Center » Deconstruction - What does that mean? » Is the term relevant to these buildings? » How are these buildings like sculpture?

Deconstruction Questioning & challenging the foundations or rules of a governing philosophy. What is a building supposed to look like? Are the maxims “form follows function” or “less is more” relevant anymore?