Modern Perspectives Behaviorism Ivan Pavlov B F Skinner

Modern Perspectives

Behaviorism Ivan Pavlov B. F. Skinner John Watson Redefined psych • “science study of the observable” • psychology should be an objective science based on observable and measurable behaviors. • •

Psychodynamic • Evolved from Freud’s Psychoanalytic • Focus on childhood and free association/talk therapy • Difference • Doesn’t emphasize dream analysis or Freud’s psychosexual theories

Cognition • Jean Piaget • Perspective concerned with • Memories • How we receive, store and process • Thinking and reasoning

Biological • Explains human behaviors, emotions, and mental processes as having physiological or genetic causes

Humanistic • Carl Rogers • Abraham Maslow • Hierarchy of Human Needs • Concerned with individual growth and the role of unique perceptions in growth toward one’s potential

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Lower needs must be met and fulfilled before we can achieve the next higher need • Self-actualization – one reaching their highest potential without expecting any reward out of it • Up

Evolutionary • Influenced by Charles Darwin • Drive to understand the adaptive purposes of our mental abilities

Sociocultural • Perspective concerned with how cultural differences and diversity affect behavior • How people influence each other