Modern Latin America 1945 to Present Mexico GDP

Modern Latin America (1945 to Present)

Mexico GDP (PPP) rank = 11 th • 1994 December Economic Crisis (U. S. sends aide) • 1997 non-PRI party wins control of congress • 2000 Democratization (Vicente Fox elected first non- PRI president) • 2006 Felipe Calderon wins • 2000’s Mexico Drug Wars • 1940 -1980 “The Mexican Miracle” (period of economic growth) • 1946 Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) = authoritarian govt. • • 1960’s social inequality 1982 Economic Crisis PRI begins political decline 1994 NAFTA signed

Nicaragua GDP (PPP) rank = 125 th • 1980’s Contras vs. Sandinistas in civil war • 1990 election = democratic reforms • 2006 Daniel Ortega elected president • 2011 re-elected Ortega • 1940’s Somoza reigns as dictator • 1956 Somoza assassinated (family still has power) • 1960’s-1970’s economic growth (oil & beef exports) • 1979 Sandinistas lead revolution & seize power • Daniel Ortega leader; moves toward communism

Brazil GDP (PPP) rank = 7 th • 1990’s free market reforms • 1998 economic crisis & recession • 2000’s political stability • #1 economy in Latin America • 1945 dictator removed by army • 1945 -1964 democracy & economic boom • 1964 military coup est. dictatorship • 1964 -1980 Brazilian Miracle • 1985 elections = democracy returns

Argentina GDP (PPP) rank = 21 st • 1982 Invasion of Falkland Islands • 1983 free elections • 1990’s-2000’s democracy • 1999 -2003 economic recession • 2003 -Present economic growth • 1943 military coup = dictatorship • 1946 Juan Peron chosen as leader (wife is Eva Peron) • 1955 military coup overthrows Peron • 1960’s political turmoil & violence • 1973 Juan Peron elected president • 1976 military coup • 1976 -1983 Dirty War

Chile GDP (PPP) rank = 43 rd • 1990’s economic prosperity (1 st in region) • 2000’s growing & stable economy • 2006 Pinochet dies • 1940’s-1960’s = model for stable democracy in region • 1970 Salvador Allende elected president = economic decline • 1973 military coup; Allende killed; Augusto Pinochet becomes ruthless dictator • 1980’s economy improves • 1988 plebiscite held; choose democracy • Patricio Aylwin Azocar president; Pinochet

• 1940’s-1970’s = rotation between democracy & military govt. ; economic problems • 1980’s = economic depression; terrorism by Shining Path & Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) Peru GDP (PPP) rank = 40 th • 1990 Alberto Fujimori elected president • 2000 Fujimori flees & is arrested • 2000’s economic growth; terrorists still active

Colombia • 1945 -1974 = La Violencia results in rotation between democracy & military govt. • 1970’s = model stable economy; FARC (guerilla group) vs. govt. GDP (PPP) rank = 40 th • 1970’s = Drug Era begins • 1980’s = war on drugs • 1990’s = drug wars and violence • 2000’s U. S. aides in fight against violence; overall decrease across nation

El Salvador GDP (PPP) rank = 93 rd • 1990’s = FMLN vs. ARENA for political power • 2000’s = poor economy • 2009 = FMLN candidate wins presidency • 1940’s-1960’s = dictatorship • 1969 = Football War (invasion of Honduras) • 1970’s = govt. protests • 1979 -1992 = civil war • 1992 = Chapultepec Peace Accords ends civil war

Panama GDP (PPP) rank = 90 th • 1980’s = U. S. & Panama relations strained (drugs) • 1989 = U. S. Invasion of Panama • 1990’s = moves to democracy • 1999 = U. S. turns over control of Panama Canal • 2000’s = war on drugs; economic investments • 1940’s-1950’s = a republic • 1950’s = military challenges govt. • 1964 = Martyrs’ Day riots • 1968 = military coup; Omar Torrijos dictator • 1977 = Torrijos-Carter Treaty • 1981 = Torrijos dies; Manuel Noriega dictator

Cuba Cold War Battleground: 1961 = Bay of Pigs Invasion 1962 = Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 -63 = U. S. trade/travel embargo • 1960’s = Cuba aides communist revolutions • 1960’s-1980’s = economic and social problems • 1990’s = economic reforms • 2008 = Fidel Castro steps down; Raul Castro becomes president GDP (PPP) rank = 63 rd • 1940 = free elections; Fulgencio Batista president • 1944 = Batista looses re-election • 1952 = bloodless coup; Batista dictator • 1956 = Cuban Revolution; Fidel Castro dictator

Puerto Rico GDP (PPP) rank = n/a • 1950’s = Operation Bootstrap • 1950’s-60’s = economic growth • 1970’s-80’s = economy slows; people move to U. S. • 1993 & 1998 = vote to remain as commonwealth of U. S. • 2000’s = struggle to define political status • 1947 = U. S. grants self govt. • 1948 = Luis Munoz first governor • 1950 = constitution • 1952 = commonwealth of the United States

Dominican Republic GDP (PPP) rank = 73 rd • 1965 = U. S. sends aide to prevent communism • 1966 = constitution; democracy spreads • 1970’s-80’s = political stability; economic growth • 1990’s = economic recession • 2000’s = poverty, immigration; democratic elections • 1930 -61= dictatorship; Rafael Trujillo • 1950’s = economic issues • 1960 = OAS sanctions • 1961 = Trujillo killed • 1962 = Juan Bosch elected • 1963 = military coup

Haiti GDP (PPP) rank = 139 th • • • 1970’s = economic & political decline/problems • 1980’s = Duvalier resigns, new election; military coup • 1990’s-2000’s = Jean-Bertrand Aristide to Rene Preval “circus” • 2010 earthquake kills est. 200, 000 to 300, 000 people 1930 -46 = democracy 1946 = military coup 1950 = military coup 1956 = general strike; leader resigns • 1957 = Francois Duvalier (aka Papa Doc) president • 1960’s = authoritarian govt. • 1971 = Jean-Claude Duvalier (aka Baby Doc) president