MODERN ART CUBISM Cubism a name suggested by

MODERN ART

CUBISM � � � Cubism (a name suggested by Henri Matisse in 1909) is a non-objective approach to painting developed originally in France by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque around 1906. The early, "pre. Cubist" period (to 1906) is characterized by emphasizing the process of construction, of creating a pictorial rhythm, and converting the represented forms into the essential geometric shapes: the cube, the sphere, the cylinder, and the cone. Between 1909 and 1911, the analysis of human forms and still lifes- Analytical Cubism - a new stylistic system which allowed the artists to transpose three-dimensional subjects into the flat images on the surface of the canvas. The Cubist palette was restricted to a narrow, almost monochromatic scale, dominated by grays and browns. Synthetic Cubism, began around 1912. In the center of the painters' attention was now the construction, not the analysis of the represented object. Color regained its decorative function and was no longer restricted to the naturalistic description of the form. � � � � Main Representatives Pablo Picasso Georges Braque Robert Delaunay Albert Gleizes Juan Gris Fernand Leger Lipchitz Jean Metzinger Lyonel Feininger Paul Klee Marcel Duchamp Salvador Dali Marc Chagall

PABLO PICASSO PORTRAIT OF GIRL MA JOLIE – WOMAN WITH ZITNER OR GUITAR

SALVADOR DALI THE PERSISTANCE OF MEMORY Metamorphosis of Narcissus

MARC CHAGALL SOLITUDE GREEN VIOLINIST THE BIRTHDAY ]I AND THE VILLAGE

FUTURISM (1909 -1914) � � An Italian avant-garde art movement that took speed, technology and modernity as its inspiration, Futurism portrayed the dynamic character of 20 th century life, glorified war and the machine age, and favoured the growth of Fascism. The movement was at its strongest from 1909, when Filippo Marinetti's first manifesto of Futurism appeared, until the end of World War One. Futurism was unique in that it was a self-invented art movement. � � � Main Representatives Filippo Tommaso Marinetti Giacomo Balla Carlo Carra Umberto Boccioni Gino Severini Luigi Russolo David Burliuk Ilya Zdanevich Olga Rozanova Lyonel Feininger

LYONEL FEININGER Marchel Duchamp

FAUVISM 1905 -1908 � � The first of the major avant-garde movements in European 20 th century art, Fauvism was characterised by paintings that used intensely vivid, non-naturalistic and exuberant colours. The style was essentially expressionist, and generally featured landscapes in which forms were distorted. The Fauves first exhibited together in 1905 in Paris. They found their name when a critic pointed to a renaissance-like sculpture in the middle of the same gallery as the exhibition and exclaimed derisively 'Donatello au milieu des fauves!' ('Donatello among the wild beasts!'). The name caught on, and was gleefully accepted by the artists themselves. The movement was subjected to more mockery and abuse as it developed, but began to gain respect when major art buyers, such as Gertrude Stein, took an interest. The leading artists involved were Matisse, Rouault, Derain, Vlaminck, Braque and Dufy. Although short-lived (1905 -8), Fauvism was extremely influential in the evolution of 20 th century art. � � � � � Main Representative s Henri Matisse Paul Gauguin Andre Derain Raoul Dufy Maurice de Vlaminck Kees van Dongen Albert Marquet Charles Camoin Georges Braque Othon Friesz

PAUL GAUGUIN HENRI MATISSE

SURREALISM � � � a cultural movement and artistic style that was founded in 1924 by André Breton in Paris. Surrealism style uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of logical comprehensibility. best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur; � � � Main Representative s FRIDA KAHLO H. BOSCH JOAN MIRO M. C. ESCHER P. KLEE

DADAISM OR DADA (1916 -1924) � � Dada was not art; it was anti-art. Dada began as an anti-art movement, in the sense that it rejected the way art was appreciated and defined in contemporary art scenes. Founded in Zurich, Switzerland, the movement was a response to World War I. It had no unifying aesthetic characteristics but what brought together the Dadaists was that they shared a nihilistic attitude towards the traditional expectations of artists and writers. The word Dada literally means both "hobby horse" and "father", but was chosen at random more for the naive sound. � � � Main Representatives Hans Arp Marcel Duchamp Francis Picabia Hugo Ball Max Ernst Raoul Hausmann Man Ray John Heartfield Marcel Janco Kurt Schwitters Sophie Taeuber. Arp

POSTMODERNISM LATE 20 TH AND EARLY 21 ST CENTURIES � � cultural stances or sets of perspectives a philosophical movement evolved in reaction to modernism, the tendency in contemporary culture to accept only objective truth. Postmodernist thought is an intentional departure from the previously dominant modernist approaches. The term "postmodernism" comes from its critique of the "modernist" scientific mentality of objectivity and the progress associated with the Enlightenment.

OP ART � � made its appearance in the United States and Europe in the late 1950 s art movement and style in which artists sought to create an impression ofmovement on the picture surface by means of optical illusion. It is derived from, and is also known as Optical Art and Perceptual Abstraction. In the 1960 s art world, some critics faulted Op Art's persistent involvement with optical illusion at a time when "the flatness of the picture plane" was the mantra on either side of the. Color Field Minimalist aisle. Clement Greenberg saw flatness as painting's essence. Donald Judd saw it as an escape route into three dimensions. � Main Representatives � Victor Vasarely Yaakov Agam Jessus-Raphael Soto Jean-Pierre Yvaral Bridget Riley � �

POP ART � � � The term first appeared in Britain during the 1950 s and referred to the interest of a number of artists in the images of mass media, advertising, comics and consumer products. The 1950 s were a period of optimism in Britain following the end of war-time rationing, and a consumer boom took place Pop Art therefore coincided with the youth and pop music phenomenon of the 1950 s and '60 s, and became very much a part of the image of fashionable, 'swinging' Pop artists reproduced, duplicated, combined, overlaid and arranged the endless visual details � � � � Main Representatives Forerunners of Pop: Marcel Duchamp Kurt Schwitters In Britain: Eduardo Paolozzi Peter Blake Richard Hamilton Allan Jones Tom Phillips In America: Roy Lichtenstein Andy Warhol Claes Oldenburg Jasper Johns Tom Wesselmann Robert Rauschenberg