ModelsTheories review Best advice Review for this quiz

Models/Theories review • Best advice: Review for this quiz in ‘full screen mode’ (F 5) so you can look at models without seeing answers. Continue filling out your chart with info on the Geographers and their models/theories

Name the model or theory • *Alonso & Ricardo • *got left out of models project…. : 0 • Bid Rent theory

Name the model or theory • John Borchert • • 1) Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790 -1830) - associated with low technology • 2) Iron Horse Epoch (1830 -70); steam-powered locomotive & spreading rails • 3) Steel-Rail Epoch (1870 -1920); full impact of Ind. Rev. (steel), hinterlands expand • 4) Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920 -70); gas-powered internal combustion engine • High Technology Epoch (1970 -today ); expansion of service & information industries (not part of Borchert's model) • Transportation & Urbanization model: The American Epochs • Five distinct periods in the history of American urbanization. Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities.

Name the model or theory • Norman Borlaug • RIP, 2009 • Green Revolution

Name the model or theory • Esther Boserup • Population and economic growth theory Not the worry wart regarding population

Name the model or theory • ERNST BURGESS • CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH Burgess and Urban = BURban

Name the model or theory • H. Carey The Gravity Model

Name the model or theory • CHRISTALLER • CENTRAL PLACE THEORY OF URBAN/SERVICES DEVELOPMENT

Name the model or theory • Sub. Saharan City model • De. Blij

Jared Diamond Guns, Germs, and Steel (1937 -) (1997); geographic luck(environmental determinism)

Name the model or theory • Ford/Griffin • Latin American city model

Name the model or theory • Edge Cities/ Urbanization • Joel Garreau

Name the model or theory • Gimbutas • • Kurgan hypothesis In 1956 Gimbutas introduced her Kurgan hypothesis, which combined archaeological study of the distinctive Kurgan burial mounds with linguistics to unravel some problems in the study of the. Proto-Indo-European (PIE) speaking peoples, whom she dubbed the "Kurgans"; namely, to account for their origin and to trace their migrations into Europe.

Name the model or theory • HARRIS & ULLMAN • MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH Multiple names = multiple nuclei

Name the model or theory • Harold Hotelling • Industry – – Locational interdependence – Ice cream/Starbucks theory

Name the model or theory • HOMER HOYT Homer / sector • SECTOR MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH

Name the model or theory • Koppen • Climate classifications

Name the model or theory • August Losch • Industrialization – – Profit maximization – ‘$$ make me happy’ guy

Name the model or theory • Thomas Malthus • Theory of overpopulation

Name the model or theory • HALFORD MAKINDER • HEARTLAND THEORY OF POLITICAL POWER Ma. KINDer is kind HEARTed

Name the model or theory • Alfred Mahan • Sea power theory of political growth

Name the model or theory • Mc. Gee • SE Asian city model

Name the model or theory • PETER MULLER • SUBURBANIZATION + TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS IN URBAN REGIONS Muller = Mules TRANSPORT

Name the model or theory • Omran • epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought about by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment, followed by a releveling of population growth from subsequent declines in fertility rates

Name the model or theory • FRIEDRICH RATZEL • ORGANIC THEORY OF STATE GROWTH • + ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM Natural surroundings A RAT is ORGANIC/alive rule human action RATs live in the environment

Name the model or theory • Ernst Ravenstein RAVENS fly/ MIGRATE • Gravity model of migration + Laws of Migration

Name the model or theory • Collin Renfrew Co. LLin/Language…. . • Language diffusion by agricultural means

Name the model or theory • Walter Rostow • Stages of economic growth/development • Be able to name the stages w/country examples Rost. OW = economic gr. OWth

Name the model or theory • Carl Sauer • • Possiblism/Landscape Theory states that the cultural landscape is shaped by humans and various cultural aspects of their culture. Examples- Humans have altered the physical environment in many ways including the architecture humans build, the toponyms placed on certain locations, burial practices, and sacred sites that are established. • Possibilism • Humans can alter their environment Hoover Dam – changing the landscape

Name the model or theory • Nicholas Spykman SPYKE the RIM • He who controls the Rimland, controls the world – political systems theory

Name the model or theory • Taylor and Lang • World Cities Model t. Ay. Lor / LAng L. A. is a world city

Name the model or theory • Warren Thompson • Demographic Transition • Holds that slowing population growth is attributable to – improved economic production – and higher standards of living brought about by changes in medicine, education and sanitation. • Overcrowding is a reflection of the Carrying Capacity and not the numbers per unit area. (Carrying Capacity is the # of people an area can support on a sustained basis given the prevailing technology. )

Name the model or theory • VON THUNEN Not Burgess, but look the same. • AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN AN ISOLATED STATE SURROUND A MARKET ZONE THAT IS CIRCULAR

Name the model or theory • Immanuel Wallerstein = World • World Systems Theory / Core. Periphery model

Name the model or theory • Alfred Weber Cheap guy/theory • Least Cost theory and Industrial location theory

Alfred Wegener Continental drift (1915): hypothesized that the continents were slowly drifting around the Earth. His hypothesis was not accepted until the 1950 s, when numerous discoveries provided conclusive evidence (plate tectonics).

Name the model or theory • Wilber Zelinsky

Name the model or theory • G. Zipf • Rank-size rule for sizes of cities

• • • Most important Geographers/Theories Be able to match the person to their theory/model Be able to recognize/classify theory/model • Pop/Migration Nature/Perspectives • Boserup Sauer Ratzel • Malthus Koppen • Ravenstein Wegener • Omran • Carey THEORIES/CONCEPTS > • Zelinsky environmental determinism • Ratzel Possiblism, Climate classification system • • DEV/RESOURCES Rostow Wallerstein Thompson • • Theories/CONCEPTS > Stages of eco growth, world systems theory Demographic Transition • • • THEORIES/CONCEPTS > Gravity model-migration push & pull factors, population & food supply issues rural to urban migration, Ties b/t population growth & economic growth, Demographic Transition Culture > Language diffusion (military vs agriculture… • M. Gimbutas, C. Renfrew, Sauer, Ratzel

Most important Geographers/Theories Be able to match the person to their theory/model Be able to recognize/classify theory/model • Political Mahan Spykman Mackinder Ratzel Models/Theories/concepts Sea power Rimland theory Heartland theory Organic states • INDUSTRIALIZATION/ECO DEVELOPMENT Weber Rostow Wallerstein Thompson Borlaug (as related to development) Taylor/Lang Theories/CONCEPTS > Stages of eco growth, world systems theory Demographic Transition Least cost theory Green Revolution – links to development • AGRICULTURE Von Thunen Borlaug Boserup Christaller Renfrew • CITIES AND URBAN LAND USE Borchert, Burgess, Harris/Ullman Hotelling, Losch, Garreau, Christaller Hoyt, Muller, Zipf, Muller/Hartshorn, De. Blij, Ford/Griffin, Mc. Gee Models/theories Agri in the isolated state Green Revolution Centers of Agri and diffusion of culture/language THEORIES/CONCEPTS US city structure: Concentric Zones v Sector v Multiple Nuclei, v Urban Realms, World Cities, Central Place Theory, Suburbanization, Edge Cities, African v Asian v Latin American city structures

• Anatolian Hearth theory • Correlation b/t source areas of 3 agricultural centers and 3 major languages Turkey/agriculture/food/language

• Central Place Theory • Spatial distribution of cities/service centers is a hexagon w/CP in the middle Chrystals…

• Core-Periphery model • World systems • Places/regions can’t develop equally, somebody has to be poor!

• Demographic Transition Model • Birth and mortality rates are tied to stages of development

• Demographic Transition • Holds that slowing population growth is attributable to – improved economic production – and higher standards of living brought about by changes in medicine, education and sanitation. • Overcrowding is a reflection of the Carrying Capacity and not the numbers per unit area. (Carrying Capacity is the # of people an area can support on a sustained basis given the prevailing technology. )

• Dependency Theory Tied to Neo-colonialism • Poor country’s economy is tied to a rich country, usually it’s former colonizer

• Gravity model of migration • Relationship b/t volume of migration and distance from source & destination ‘Black Hole’ city is inverse

• Heartland Theory Mackinder's Heartland (also known as the Pivot Area) is the core area of Eurasia, and the World-Island is all of Eurasia (both Europe and Asia). • He who controls Europe, controls the world ‘Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island Who rules the World-Island commands the world’

• Least Cost/Location Theory Cheap theory • Minimizing transportation costs

• Migration Theory • Push-Pull Forces impact choices • FORCED • VOLUNTARY • IMPELLED • CHAIN

• Concentric Zone Model • Burgess ? ? • Focus on CBD importance b/c CBD is at the center of the model

• Multiple Nuclei model • CBD is not as important, urban areas develop several CBDs

• Sector model • Based on urban transportation routes and bid rent prices

• World Systems Theory • Development is applicable across scales – local to regional to global

• Five distinct periods in the history of American urbanization. • Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities. • Urbanization: American Epochs

• Edge Cities/ Urbanization

• ‘Where there is a Target, there is also a…. ’ • Industry – – Locational interdependence – Ice cream/ starbucks theory

• Industrialization – – Profit maximization – ‘$$ make me happy’ guy

Connecting Agri/Ind/Medical revs to urbanization

• Good review sites > https: //sites. google. com/ site/geographymajorthe ories/ Models/Theories > http : //teacherweb. ftl. pinecre st. edu/snyderd/mwh/ap/ apgeographers. htm • Prezi for Models and Theories > http: //prezi. com/qui gwfyvfnoy/ap-humangeography-models-andtheories/ Prezi #2 > http: //prezi. com/wkppdgvqnt 1 d/ap-human-geographymodels/ Flash cards for models/theories > http: //quizl et. com/2260847/ap-humangeography-models-theoriesflash-cards/