Models Uses Methods of Health Education 03 November

Models, Uses & Methods of Health Education 03 November 2020

Models of Health Education Medical Model Motivational Model Social Intervention Model 03 November 2020

Medical Model • Primary interested in the recognition and treatment of diseases and technological advances to facilitate the process • Emphasis is on dissemination of health information based on scientific facts supplied by health professionals to improve health 03 November 2020

Motivation Model • Health education started emphasizing motivation as main force to translate health information into the desired health action • This has 3 stages – Awareness –> Interest – Motivation –> Evaluation, Decision making – Action –> Adoption or Acceptance 03 November 2020

Social Intervention Model • This model highlights the importance of group support in helping reaching the decisions and taking action • People will accept and try something new until it has been legitimated or approved by the group to which they belong 03 November 2020

Health Education & Propaganda Education Propaganda Knowledge & Skills actively required Instilled in the minds of people Makes people think for themselves Prevents/ discourages thinking by readymade Disciples primitive desires Arouses and stimulates primitive desires Develops reflective behaviour Develops reflexive behaviour Appeals to reason Appeals to emotion Develops individuality, personality & self expression Develops standard pattern of attitudes & behaviours according to mould used Knowledge acquired through self reliant activity Knowledge is spoon fed & passively received Process is behaviour centered Process is information centered- no change of attitude / behaviour designed 03 November 2020

Contents of Health Education Human Biology • Understanding of human biology • Structure and function of the body • Need for exercise, rest and sleep • Effects of alcohol, smoking and drugs • Cultivation of healthy life styles 03 November 2020

Nutrition • Aims to guide people to choose optimum and balance diet • Remove prejudices and promote good dietary habits • Misconceptions about proper weaning • Nutrition education for prevention of malnutrition, obesity, diabetes and cardio vascular disease 03 November 2020

Hygiene • Personal – Bathing, clothing, washing hands and toilet – Care of nails, feet and teeth – Spitting, coughing, sneezing, etc. • Environmental – Domestic (Hygiene at home) – Community (Disposal of wastes) 03 November 2020

Mental Health • Aim of education in mental health is to help people to keep mentally healthy and to prevent a mental break down • E. g. : – Mother after child birth – Child at entry into school – Decision about career – Starting a new family 03 November 2020

Prevention of Accidents • Three main areas – Home, road and the work place Safety education should be directed to these areas 03 November 2020

Use of Health Services • Educate people about health services that are available in their community • To know about signs (danger) that indicates a visit to the doctor • Use of health care resources – E. g. : Screening programs, immunization, family planning services 03 November 2020

Principles of Health Education • • • Credibility Interest Participation Motivation Comprehension Reinforcement 03 November 2020 • • • Learning by doing Know to unknown Setting an example Good human relations Feedback Leaders

Methods in Health Communication Individual Approach • Personal contact • Home visit • Personal letters 03 November 2020

Group Approach • Lectures • Demonstrations • Discussion methods – Group discussion – Panel discussion – Symposium – Workshops 03 November 2020 – Conferences – Seminars – Role play

Mass Approach – Radio –TV – News paper – Printed material – Direct mailing 03 November 2020 – Posters – Health exhibition – Folk methods – Internet