MODELLING OF TOWER BASED CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANTS

MODELLING OF TOWER BASED CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANTS: GEMASOLAR AND IVANPAH MONIKA TOPEL, BJÖRN LAUMERT KTH, ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY HEAT AND POWER DIVISION Stockholm, April, 2013 Monika Topel, KTH-EGI CSP Group monika. topel@energy. kth. se

TURBO POWER 2014 CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Tower-based CSP plants III. Power plant modeling IV. Obtained Results V. On-going work and conclusions 2

TURBO POWER 2014 INTRODUCTION Every half hour, there is enough sunlight on the surface of the Earth to meet all the energy demands on the entire world for one full year. We don’t have a resource problem we have a conversion problem. 3

TURBO POWER 2014 INTRODUCTION Solar Field Power block Heliostats Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Solar Radiation Heat Electricity 4

TURBO POWER 2014 TOWER-BASED CSP PLANTS • Predecessor - Parabolic troughs (1 st ) • Point-focusing system - Higher concentration ratios - Higher temperatures • 4% of global installed CSP share - 98 MW Heliostats • 603 MW in the coming 2 years 5

TURBO POWER 2014 TOWER-BASED CSP PLANTS Steam Molten salt tanks Gemasolar Status Operational Reheater Year 2011 Superheater Location Seville, Spain Evaporator Storage 15 h, Salts Economizer Capacity 19. 9 MW Turbine SST-600 Water Inlet Conditions 105 bar/542 o. C 6

TURBO POWER 2014 TOWER-BASED CSP PLANTS Molten salt tanks Reheater Superheater Evaporator LP HP Condenser Economizer Pre-heaters ~ De-aereator Pre-heaters 7

TURBO POWER 2014 TOWER-BASED CSP PLANTS Steam Ivanpah Status Operational Reheater Superheater Evaporator Year 2013 Location California, US Storage -----Capacity 377 MW (x 3) Turbine SST-900 Water Inlet Conditions 160 bar/545 o. C 8

TURBO POWER 2014 TOWER-BASED CSP PLANTS Reheater LP Superheater HP Condenser Evaporator Pre-heaters ~ De-aereator Pre-heaters 9

TURBO POWER 2014 TOWER-BASED CSP PLANTS • Complex tracking system • Solar field sizing limitations • Non-mature technology - Non-standard manufacturing • Receiver design • Water and land usage - Steam cycle in locations of high irradiations (deserts) • Parasitic consumption in tower pumping • Efficiency degradation as a result of transient operation - Start-up and shutdown 10

TURBO POWER 2014 POWER PLANT MODELLING Reheater Superheater Evaporator LP HP Condenser Economizer Pre-heaters ~ De-aereator Pre-heaters • Solar resource: fluctuating and intermittent • Turbine transient operation Turbine thermal model - Boundary conditions to the turbine 11

TURBO POWER 2014 POWER PLANT MODELLING • Dynamic Energy System Optimizer (DYESOPT) • Inlet conditions to the turbine from dynamic simulation 12

TURBO POWER 2014 POWER PLANT MODELLING • Gemasolar - CSP-group (TESCONSOL) • Cost function study on-going 13

TURBO POWER 2014 POWER PLANT MODELLING • Ivanpah - Supervision of MSc. thesis • Planned development of SST-900 as well 14

TURBO POWER 2014 POWER PLANT MODELLING • Inlet conditions to the turbines from dynamic simulation 15

TURBO POWER 2014 OBTAINED RESULTS • • No storage SM=1. 2 • • Storage: 15 h SM=3 16

TURBO POWER 2014 ON-GOING WORK • “Impact of Increasing Steam Turbine Flexibility on the Annual Performance of a Direct Steam Generation Tower Plant” - Modeling: Ivanpah+SST-900 - Turbine enhacenments • Temperature maintaining modifications • Operational modifications - Compare different cases • Power plant Performance indicators • Turbine start-up. - MSc. Thesis 17

TURBO POWER 2014 ON-GOING WORK Qin 18

TURBO POWER 2014 ON-GOING WORK Oversized solar field (SM>1) SM=1 Solar field size design for nominal power block Qth Oversized solar field (SM<1) Size the solar field for the Irradiance of the location 19

TURBO POWER 2014 ON-GOING WORK Over Load SM>1 • HP stage bypass + Feed water heater bypass Part Load SM<1 • HP stage bypass + HP feed water top heater from boiler HPT top heater to boiler water side pre-heater water side to boiler pre-heater 20

TURBO POWER 2014 CONCLUSIONS (FUTURE WORK) • WP 2: CSP plant in DYESOPT - Ivanpah model completed (05/2014) - Cost function study (06/2014) • To complete Gemasolar model - D 2. 1: Report on Steam turbine operating conditions in tower based CSP (05/2014) • WP 3: Steam Turbine Model for Tower Based Plants - SST-900 thermal model (05/2014) - Model fine-tuning (06 -07/2014 @FSP) • Research papers: 2 papers with the CSP plants models (Solar. PACES 2014) • Licentiate Thesis: 10/2014

End of Presentation. Thank you for your attention MODELLING OF TOWER BASED CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANTS: GEMASOLAR AND IVANPAH MONIKA TOPEL, BJÖRN LAUMERT KTH, ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Stockholm, April, 2014 Monika Topel, KTH-EGI CSP Group monika. topel@energy. kth. se