Modeling Primary and Secondary Emotions for a Believable

Modeling Primary and Secondary Emotions for a Believable Communication Agent Christian Becker, Ipke Wachsmuth Faculty of Technology University of Bielefeld Germany

KI 2006, Emotion and Computing Primary emotions (Damasio ’ 94) “[. . ] we are wired to respond with an emotion, in preorganized fashion, when certain features of stimuli in the world or in our bodies are perceived, alone or in combination. Examples [. . ] include size (as in large animals); large span (as in flying eagles); types of motion (as in reptiles); certain sounds (such as growling); certain configurations of body state (as in the pain during a heart attack). ” (p. 131) Stimulus activates amygdala (A) Various responses ensue: Internal responses (IR) n Muscular responses n Visceral responses (autonomic signals) n Responses to neurotransmitter nuclei and hypothalamus (H) n Hypothalamus gives rise to endocrine & other chemical responses n Damasio Ortony Implementation Discussion 2

KI 2006, Emotion and Computing Secondary emotions (Damasio ’ 94) “[. . ] I believe that in terms of an individual’s development [primary emotions] are followed by secondary emotions, which occur once we begin experiencing feelings and forming systematic connections between categories of objects and situations, on the one hand, and primary emotions, on the other. ” (p. 134) Stimulus activates amygdala (A) Stimulus is analyzed in the thought process May activate ventromedial region of frontal cortices (VM) n VM acts via the amygdala (A) n Secondary emotions utilize the machinery of primary emotions VM depends on A to express its activity Damasio Ortony Implementation Discussion 3

KI 2006, Emotion and Computing Affect & Proto-Affect (Ortony et al. , 2005) information flow and interrupts sensory inputs motor outputs Reflective secondary emotions primary emotions cognitively elaborated emotions Routine primitive emotions Reactive proto-affect The world Damasio Ortony Implementation Discussion 4

KI 2006, Emotion and Computing social context secondary emotions aware emotions primary emotions x awareness dominance valence pleasure arousal mood Damasio Ortony awareness likelihood Implementation Discussion 5

KI 2006, Emotion and Computing PAD-space secondary emotions relief (P=50 A=0 D=± 100) n o i t a frustration tr s u r f angry (P=-80 A=80 D=100) relief annoyed (P=-50 A=0 D=100) primary emotions awareness likelihood Damasio = (0. 3 * Ortony , 0. 2 * Implementation , 0. 6 * Discussion ) 6

KI 2006, Emotion and Computing Thank you very much! secondary emotions social context aware emotions x awareness primary emotions dominance valence pleasure arousal mood Damasio Ortony awareness likelihood Implementation Discussion 7