MODALS PRESENT AND FUTURE Modals Present and Future

MODALS - PRESENT AND FUTURE

Modals - Present and Future Can / could May / might Shall / should Will / would Must Need Ought to Used to Dare

Modal verbs: Do not add –s in the third person singular. Nemaju nastavak –s u trećem licu jednine. Question is formed using inversion. Upitne oblike grade inverzijom. They have no infinitives and no participles. Nemaju infinitive i participe. They are followed by an infinitive without to, with the exception of ought to and used to. Iza njih sledi infinitiv bez predloga to, sa izuzetkom ought to i used to.

Ability Sposobnost CAN – moći, znati, umeti I can swim. Ja umem da plivam. Can you speak Chinese? Znate li da govorite kineski? No, I can’t. Ne, ne znam.

BE ABLE TO – moći Be able to forms tenses and is sometimes used instead of can. Be able to koristi se umesto can za formiranje drugih vremena. Will you be able to help me lift the furniture tomorrow? Da li ćeš moći da mi pomogneš da podignem nameštaj sutra? She hasn’t been able to drive since she broke her arm. Ne može da vozi otkako je polomila ruku.

Permission Dozvola CAN and CAN’T are used to describe what is allowed or not allowed. Koriste se da opišu šta je dozvoljeno a šta nije. Can I leave early? Mogu li da izađem ranije? You can’t smoke in a hospital. Ne možete pušiti u bolnici.

MAY May I take this book? Mogu li uzeti ovu knjigu?

Possibility or uncertainty Mogućnost ili nesigurnost MAY and MIGHT – smeti, moći, može biti, možda May expresses a greater possibility than might. Might expresses a greater degree of doubt that something will happen. May izražava veću mogućnost nego might. Might izražava veći stepen sumnje u ispunjenje. President Tomson might win the next election. Predsednik Tomson će možda pobediti na sledećim izborima. I may have some news for you next week. Možda ću imati neke vesti za tebe sledeće nedelje. I may not have time to finish tonight. Možda neću imati vremena da to završim večeras.

COULD They could come to see us next Friday. Mogli bi doći idućeg petka da nas posete. He could be stuck in the traffic. Možda se zaglavio u saobraćaju.

Impossibility or certainty Nepostojanje mogućnosti ili izražavanje sigurnosti MUST and CAN’T President Tomson can’t win the next election. (It’s impossible. ) Predsednik Tomson ne može pobediti na sledećim izborima. (To je nemoguće. ) He must be stuck in traffic. (I’m sure he is. ) Mora da se zaglavio u saobraćaju. (Siguran sam da jeste. ) She can’t be in Italy! I saw her today! (I’m sure she isn’t. ) Ona ne može biti u Italiji! Danas sam je video! (Siguran sam da nije tamo. )

Obligation Obaveza MUST and HAVE TO – morati I must finish my homework before 8. 00. Moram da završim domaći pre 8. 00. I have to phone Tom at 9. 00. Moram da nazovem Toma u 9. 00.

There is a difference in some contexts. We use HAVE TO to describe offical rules, or any rule which comes from an external authority. U zavisnosti od konteksta može postojati razlika u njihovoj upotrebi. HAVE TO koristimo kada govorimo o nečemu što je propisano zakonom ili zvaničnim propisima koje donosi neki spoljni autoritet. At our school, we have to wear a uniform. U našoj školi, moramo da nosimo uniforme. When the traffic lights are red, you have to stop. Kada se upali crveno svetlo, moraš da se zaustaviš.

MUSTN’T – ne smeti It describes an action which is forbidden. Opisuje radnju koja je zabranjena. You mustn’t cross the road when the red light is showing. Ne smeš prelaziti ulicu na crveno svetlo.

DON’T HAVE TO or NEEDN’T – ne morati They describe an action which is not necessary. Opisuju radnju koja nije neophodna. You don’t have to turn on the central heating. It’s automatic. Ne moraš da uključuješ centralno grejanje. Ono je automatsko. You needn’t go just yet, you can stay a little longer. Ne moraš još da ideš, možeš još malo da

Advice and opinion Savet i mišljenje SHOULD and SHOULDN’T – trebati i ne trebati I think you should talk to your teacher about it. (advice) Mislim da treba da razgovaraš sa svojom učiteljicom o tome. (savet) I think the police should arrest hooligans. (opinion) Mislim da policija treba da hapsi huligane. (mišljenje) They should arrive here at about 6. 30.