MODALS PART 1 Unit 6 Grammar Forms Functions

MODALS PART 1 Unit 6 Grammar Forms & Functions 3

Introduction to Modal Verbs & Phrases Use modal verbs WITH a main verb. ØSubject + Modal + Verb = You should see a doctor. ØSubject + Modal + NOT + Verb = They can not play baseball. ØYes/No Questions: Modal + Subject + Verb = Can you swim? ØWh- Questions: Wh- Word + Modal + Subject + Verb = When should we eat? Modals Modal Phrases can/could must will should would may/might be able to have to be going to be supposed to used to be allowed to

Can, Could, Be Able To = Express Ability Ø“Can” can talk about ability in the present and future Ø“Could” can talk about ability in the past Ø“Be able to” also expresses ability – not used as frequently as “can” and “could” ØUse “was able to” or “were able to” for opportunity that resulted in action – not “could” ØUse “will be able to” about an ability that we do not currently have but will have in the future ØSometimes have to use “be able to” instead of “can” such as with other modals ØUsually use “can” or “could” with stative verbs like “see, hear, smell, taste, understand, and remember. ”

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. The modal should go in front of the verb. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. She ride a bicycle can. B. She can ride a bicycle. A. They could not find between the modal and the right verb. exit. Correct. “Not” goes B. They could find not between the modal and the right verb. exit. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Correct. Should be modal A. Can you go on (Can) + subject (you) + verb Saturday? (go). Incorrect. Should be modal B. Can you on Saturday (Can) + subject (you) + verb go? (go). C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Incorrect. “Not” goes Click to go to next slide.

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. When Tom comes, he or “will be able to” to will be able you. express abilitytoinhelp the future. Both are correct. Use “can” B. When Tom comes, he or “will be able to” to can helpinyou. express ability the future. C. Both See are Correct. explanations. correct. A. She can jog three B. She could jog three Correct. Use “could” for miles before she hurt her past abilities. knee. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Incorrect. Use “be able to” B. We might can finish with another modal like soon. “might. ” C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Incorrect. Use “could” for miles before she hurt her past abilities. knee. Correct. Use “be able to” A. We might be able to with another modal like finish soon. “might. ” Both are correct. Use “can” Click to go to next slide.

Must, Have To, Have Got To = Obligation and Necessity Ø“Have to” is more common than “must” in spoken English (hafta) Ø“Must” is used on forms, signs, notices = formal situations Ø“Must” = necessity comes from speaker >> You must turn in your paragraphs next week. Ø“Have to” = necessity comes from outside the speaker >> I have to write my paragraph (because the teacher said so). Ø“Must” can show urgency >> We must get her to the doctor now. Ø“Have got to” is informal English ØNo past form of “must” or “have got to” >> “have to” can be used in the past Ø“Have got to” can become a contraction; “have to” cannot be a contraction >> I have to buy a computer. >> I’ve got to buy a computer.

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. The last person Both are correct. “Havetoto” and “must” leave must express lock the obligation. doors. B. The last person Both are correct. “Havetoto” and “must” leave has toexpress lock the obligation. doors. C. Both See are Correct. explanations. correct. Incorrect. Do not use “have A. I had got to go early got to go” in past tense. last night. B. I had. Do to not go early last Correct. use “have got to go”night. in past tense. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Incorrect. “Have got to” can A. I’ve to borrow money be contracted, but “have to” car. cannotfor beacontracted. Correct. “Have got to” can B. I’ve got to borrow be contracted, but “have to” money a car. cannot be for contracted. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Click to go to next slide.

Not Have to, Must Not = Prohibition and Lack of Necessity Ø“Not have to” means “not necessary because there is another possibility” Ø“Must not” means “do not do something because it is not allowed or it is against the law” ØDo not use “must not” with adults usually Ø“Not have to” can be used in past, present, and future Ø“Must not” is only used in the present or future

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Correct. Of course, “Billy” is A. Billy, you must not go a child or else we would not thelike fire. talknear to him this. Incorrect. Need a main verb B. Billy, you should not to go with the modal near the fire. “should. ” C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. I did Correct. “Didnot nothave to to” is therenew past form “not have myofdriver’s licenseto. ” this year. B. I did must not renew Incorrect. There is not a my driver’s license this past form of “must not. ” year. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Incorrect. “Must not” does B. You don’t have to help is not necessary, but it mebe today. would allowed. A. You must to not help not have a “to” between methem. today. Correct. This means the C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Click to go to next slide.

Should, Ought To, Had Better = To Give Advice ØUse “should” more than “ought to” Ø“Had better” to express a strong recommendation in a specific situation Ø“Had better” is present or future, not past ØUse “should” for questions, not “had better” and usually not “ought to”

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. You to Both are should correct. learn Both are giving advice. drive. B. You to Both learnare to Both areought correct. giving advice. drive. C. Both See are Correct. explanations. correct. A. Incorrect. You have better leave “Had better” is present future now, orand you’ll betense. late. B. You’d Correct. “Hadbetter”leave can be contracted downbe to late. “ ‘d. ” now, or you’ll C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. Should go in Correct. We usewe “should” questions. together? B. Had Do wenot better Incorrect. use go “had better” in questions. together? C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Click to go to next slide.

Should Have, Ought To Have = Regret or a Mistake ØModal + “have” + past participle = a perfect modal >> I should have gone there. ØDo not write “should of” instead of “should have” Ø“Should have” or “Ought to have” refer to the best thing to do, but it wasn’t what we did.

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. When I havebe Correct. Theshould verb should in the past participle form. repaired the car? Incorrect. The verb should B. When should I have be in the past participle repairform. the car? C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. He ought Correct. “Oughtnot notto tohave” for said the negative. that. B. He should notnot” to have Incorrect. “Should does not have a “to” said that. after it. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. I should of brought Incorrect. “Should of” is not grammatically correct. more money. B. I should have brought one of the perfect tense more money. modals. Correct. “Should have” is C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Click to go to next slide.

Be Supposed To = Expectation Ø“Be supposed to” talks about what we expect to happen because it is normal or part of an arrangement or duty or custom ØThere often is a difference between what is supposed to happen and what really happens Ø“Was supposed to” or “were supposed to” for past tense

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. Incorrect. She is supposed Use “was to supposed to” orbut “were call yesterday, she supposed to” for past tense. didn’t. B. She was Use supposed Correct. “was to supposed to” orbut “were call yesterday, she supposed to” for past tense. didn’t. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. Both You arecorrect. supposed “Be to take something for the supposed to” shows expectation host whenand you“should” go for represents advice. dinner. Both are correct. “Be B. You should take supposed to” shows something for the host expectation and “should” when you go for dinner. represents advice. C. Both See are Correct. explanations. correct. Click to end show.