MODALS Can will could would may shall might

Modals never need s • She cans go to the store. HOW ARE MODALS

HOW TO FORM A NEGATIVE MODAL She should not go. She can not go

• "Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English.

WRITE FIVE SENTENCE S • Write five sentences to explain the “abilities” of someone

MIGHT" IS MOST COMMONLY USED TO EXPRESS POSSIBILITY. ENGLISH SPEAKERS CAN ALSO USE "MIGHT"

SHOULD/OUGHT TO YOU REALLY SHOULD VISIT THE DENTIST. USAGE: ADVICE YOU SHOULD DO YOUR

GIVE ADVICE TO THESE PROBLEMS: I can’t find a job! My house is infested

I must study. Must is an Obligation/Prohibition ACTIVITY USING MUST You will receive a

• etc)7. Split class into groups of 4. Give them the names of

MAY/COULD May I use your phone? Usage: Polite request

ACTIVITY • Get into pairs. One is a parent and the other is a

RULES AT SCHOOL • In pairs, role-play a scene with a teacher and a

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MODALS • Can • will • could • would • may • shall • might • should • must • ought to

Modals never need s • She cans go to the store. HOW ARE MODALS DIFFERENT Change the order of the sentence with a questions. She can go. Can she go?

HOW TO FORM A NEGATIVE MODAL She should not go. She can not go She might not go Always followed by an infinitive • He can’t go • He might going (no)

• "Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility. • Examples: CAN • I can ride a horse. ability • We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity • She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission • Can you hand me the stapler? request • Any child can grow up to be president. possibility

WRITE FIVE SENTENCE S • Write five sentences to explain the “abilities” of someone in your group.

MIGHT" IS MOST COMMONLY USED TO EXPRESS POSSIBILITY. ENGLISH SPEAKERS CAN ALSO USE "MIGHT" TO MAKE SUGGESTIONS OR REQUESTS, ALTHOUGH THIS IS LESS COMMON IN AMERICAN ENGLISH. • Examples: Your purse might be in the living room. possibility • You might visit the botanical gardens during your visit. suggestion • Might I borrow your pen? request

SHOULD/OUGHT TO YOU REALLY SHOULD VISIT THE DENTIST. USAGE: ADVICE YOU SHOULD DO YOUR HOMEWORK

GIVE ADVICE TO THESE PROBLEMS: I can’t find a job! My house is infested with mice! My girlfriend wants to break up with me. My mother never lets me go out at night. My daughter is sick. My boss is mad at me. My hair is falling out!

I must study. Must is an Obligation/Prohibition ACTIVITY USING MUST You will receive a place (hospital, jail, school, etc) You must write the rules for 1 place and then read out the rules to the rest of the class. The other groups must try to guess the location from listening to the rules.

• etc)7. Split class into groups of 4. Give them the names of places e. g. petrol station, football stadium, hospital, jail, school…etc. They must write the rules for 1 place and then read out the rules to the rest of the class. The other groups must try to guess the location from listening to the rules.

MAY/COULD May I use your phone? Usage: Polite request

ACTIVITY • Get into pairs. One is a parent and the other is a son/daughter. The offspring has behaved badly in the recent past, but wants to go to a rock concert, so must be extremely polite about how she acts. She will need to borrow the car, get some money, get permission to go, book the tickets with her parents credit card…etc. She must politely ask for all these things. The parent can consent if she agrees to do some chores.

RULES AT SCHOOL • In pairs, role-play a scene with a teacher and a new student. They are going through the rules of the school. The teacher should tell the student what they may or may not do and the student should also ask questions, for example, may I leave an exam early?