MODALS AUXILIARIES DWS 1 DWS Modals Modal auxiliaries
![MODALS AUXILIARIES [DWS] 1 [DWS} Modals MODALS AUXILIARIES [DWS] 1 [DWS} Modals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-1.jpg)
![Modal auxiliaries generally express speakers’ attitudes. For example, modals can express that a speaker Modal auxiliaries generally express speakers’ attitudes. For example, modals can express that a speaker](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-2.jpg)
![Expressing Necessity: Must, Have to (a) All applicants must take an entrance exam. (b) Expressing Necessity: Must, Have to (a) All applicants must take an entrance exam. (b)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-3.jpg)
![In everyday statements of necessity, have to is used more commonly than must. Must In everyday statements of necessity, have to is used more commonly than must. Must](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-4.jpg)
![Expressing Lack of Necessity: Have to in negative (a) Tomorrow is a holiday. We Expressing Lack of Necessity: Have to in negative (a) Tomorrow is a holiday. We](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-5.jpg)
![Prohibition : Must in negative Must not = prohibition ( DO NOT DO THIS) Prohibition : Must in negative Must not = prohibition ( DO NOT DO THIS)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-6.jpg)
![Expressing Advisability: Should, Ought to, Had better (a) You should study harder (b) You Expressing Advisability: Should, Ought to, Had better (a) You should study harder (b) You](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-7.jpg)
![(c) You had better take care of that cut on your hand soon, or (c) You had better take care of that cut on your hand soon, or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-8.jpg)
![Expressing Ability: Can, Could (a) Tom is strong. He can lift that heavy bag. Expressing Ability: Can, Could (a) Tom is strong. He can lift that heavy bag.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-9.jpg)
![Expressing Permision: Can, May (a) Yes, children. You may have cookies after dinner. (b) Expressing Permision: Can, May (a) Yes, children. You may have cookies after dinner. (b)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-10.jpg)
![Expressing Possibility: May, Might (a) It may rain tomorrow. (b) It might rain tomorrow. Expressing Possibility: May, Might (a) It may rain tomorrow. (b) It might rain tomorrow.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-11.jpg)
![Expressing Logical Conclusion: Must A: Nancy is yawning. B: She must be sleepy. Speaker Expressing Logical Conclusion: Must A: Nancy is yawning. B: She must be sleepy. Speaker](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-12.jpg)
![EXERCISES 13 [DWS} Modals EXERCISES 13 [DWS} Modals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-13.jpg)
![1. It's a hospital. You _____smoke. 2. He had been working for more than 1. It's a hospital. You _____smoke. 2. He had been working for more than](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-14.jpg)
![4. The teacher said we _____ read this book for our own pleasure as 4. The teacher said we _____ read this book for our own pleasure as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-15.jpg)
![10. Adam has already eaten sandwhich and now he is making another one. He 10. Adam has already eaten sandwhich and now he is making another one. He](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-16.jpg)
- Slides: 16
![MODALS AUXILIARIES DWS 1 DWS Modals MODALS AUXILIARIES [DWS] 1 [DWS} Modals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-1.jpg)
MODALS AUXILIARIES [DWS] 1 [DWS} Modals
![Modal auxiliaries generally express speakers attitudes For example modals can express that a speaker Modal auxiliaries generally express speakers’ attitudes. For example, modals can express that a speaker](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-2.jpg)
Modal auxiliaries generally express speakers’ attitudes. For example, modals can express that a speaker feel something is necessary, advisable, permissible, possible, or probable; and, in addition they can convey the strength of those attitudes. 2 [DWS} Modals
![Expressing Necessity Must Have to a All applicants must take an entrance exam b Expressing Necessity: Must, Have to (a) All applicants must take an entrance exam. (b)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-3.jpg)
Expressing Necessity: Must, Have to (a) All applicants must take an entrance exam. (b) All applicants have to take an entrance exam. Explanation: In example (a) and (b), it is neccessary 3 for every applicant to take an entrance [DWS} Modals
![In everyday statements of necessity have to is used more commonly than must Must In everyday statements of necessity, have to is used more commonly than must. Must](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-4.jpg)
In everyday statements of necessity, have to is used more commonly than must. Must is usually stronger than have to and it indicate urgency or stress importance. (c) Sam has to talk to Jimmy right away. (d) Sam must talk to Jimmy right away. 4 [DWS} Modals
![Expressing Lack of Necessity Have to in negative a Tomorrow is a holiday We Expressing Lack of Necessity: Have to in negative (a) Tomorrow is a holiday. We](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-5.jpg)
Expressing Lack of Necessity: Have to in negative (a) Tomorrow is a holiday. We don’t have to go to class. (b) I can hear you. You don’t have to shout. In (a): it is not necessary for us to go to class tomorrow because it is holiday. In (b): ? ? ? 5 [DWS} Modals
![Prohibition Must in negative Must not prohibition DO NOT DO THIS Prohibition : Must in negative Must not = prohibition ( DO NOT DO THIS)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-6.jpg)
Prohibition : Must in negative Must not = prohibition ( DO NOT DO THIS) (a) You must not look in the closset. Your birthday present is hidden there. (b) You must not tell anyone my secret. In (a): Do not look in the closet. I forbid it. Looking in the closet is prohibited. In (b): ? ? ? 6 [DWS} Modals
![Expressing Advisability Should Ought to Had better a You should study harder b You Expressing Advisability: Should, Ought to, Had better (a) You should study harder (b) You](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-7.jpg)
Expressing Advisability: Should, Ought to, Had better (a) You should study harder (b) You ought to study harder Should and ought to have the same meaning: they express advisability. 7 [DWS} Modals
![c You had better take care of that cut on your hand soon or (c) You had better take care of that cut on your hand soon, or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-8.jpg)
(c) You had better take care of that cut on your hand soon, or it will get infected. In meaning, had better is close to should/ought to, but had better is usually stronger. Often had better implies a warning of a treat of possible 8 bad consequences. Had better is more [DWS} Modals
![Expressing Ability Can Could a Tom is strong He can lift that heavy bag Expressing Ability: Can, Could (a) Tom is strong. He can lift that heavy bag.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-9.jpg)
Expressing Ability: Can, Could (a) Tom is strong. He can lift that heavy bag. (b) Tom was strong. He could lift that heavy bag. In (a): It shows the ability in the present and future time. 9 In (b): It shows the ability in the past [DWS} Modals
![Expressing Permision Can May a Yes children You may have cookies after dinner b Expressing Permision: Can, May (a) Yes, children. You may have cookies after dinner. (b)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-10.jpg)
Expressing Permision: Can, May (a) Yes, children. You may have cookies after dinner. (b) Ok, kids, you can have cookies after dinner. (a) And (b) have the same meaning but may is more formal than can. 10 [DWS} Modals
![Expressing Possibility May Might a It may rain tomorrow b It might rain tomorrow Expressing Possibility: May, Might (a) It may rain tomorrow. (b) It might rain tomorrow.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-11.jpg)
Expressing Possibility: May, Might (a) It may rain tomorrow. (b) It might rain tomorrow. (a) And (b) have the same meaning but might has stronger possibility than may. 11 [DWS} Modals
![Expressing Logical Conclusion Must A Nancy is yawning B She must be sleepy Speaker Expressing Logical Conclusion: Must A: Nancy is yawning. B: She must be sleepy. Speaker](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-12.jpg)
Expressing Logical Conclusion: Must A: Nancy is yawning. B: She must be sleepy. Speaker B is making a logical guess. He bases his guess based on the information that Nancy is yawning. He uses must to express his logical 12 conclusion. [DWS} Modals
![EXERCISES 13 DWS Modals EXERCISES 13 [DWS} Modals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-13.jpg)
EXERCISES 13 [DWS} Modals
![1 Its a hospital You smoke 2 He had been working for more than 1. It's a hospital. You _____smoke. 2. He had been working for more than](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-14.jpg)
1. It's a hospital. You _____smoke. 2. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He _____ be tired after such hard work. 3. I _____ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I _____ just say a few things in the language. 14 [DWS} Modals
![4 The teacher said we read this book for our own pleasure as 4. The teacher said we _____ read this book for our own pleasure as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-15.jpg)
4. The teacher said we _____ read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional. 5. _____ you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I _____. 6. Take an umbrella. It _____ rain later. 7. You _____ leave small objects lying around. Such objects _____ be swallowed by children. 8. Drivers _____ stop when the traffic lights are red. 9. _____ I ask a question? Yes, of course. 15 [DWS} Modals
![10 Adam has already eaten sandwhich and now he is making another one He 10. Adam has already eaten sandwhich and now he is making another one. He](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/50d816982c07913cf8848e34defb43c2/image-16.jpg)
10. Adam has already eaten sandwhich and now he is making another one. He _____ be hungry. 11. You _____ drive when you are so tired. It’s dangerous. 12. I am going to be late. What _____ I do? 13. Sir, _____ I speak to Mrs. Black? 14. I do not know where Alicia is. She _____ be 16 [DWS} Modals at home.
Dws+
Dws energiefonds
Have modal
Primary modal verbs
Modal auxiliaries with the perfect infinitive
Tense chart
Modal dare
Degrees of certainty future time
What is the difference between models & semi modals
Modals of possibility
Modal aktif dan modal pasif
Formula mengira modal awal
Biaya modal leverage dan struktur modal
Akaun modal perkongsian
Aspectual auxiliaries
Questions with modals
Null auxiliaries