Modal Overview Modals are auxiliary words used in

Modals • can / could • will /would • may / might • shall

Phrasal modal counterparts Modal Phrasal Modals can, could be able to will, shall be

Practice: • What are some things you can do? • What are some things

Logical Probability • Expresses the certainty of statement. There are different levels for this

Prediction • Expresses the certainty of statement. There are different levels for this certainty.

Necessity • Expresses necessity, can be external or internal. • Internal: I have to

Use (Social Functions) • Making Requests: • • Will / Would / Can/Could you

Use (Social Functions) • Giving Advice • You must see a doctor • You

Use (Social Functions) • Express Desire - would like to • Sarah would like

Use (Social Functions) • Preference - would you rather (X than Y), would prefer

Slides: 16

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Modal Overview • Modals are auxiliary words used in combination with verbs to show: • prediction or probability of events • show necessity • make requests • give advice • and more!

Modals • can / could • will /would • may / might • shall /should • must

Phrasal modal counterparts Modal Phrasal Modals can, could be able to will, shall be going to, be about to must have to, have got to should, ought to be to, be supposed to would (=past habit) used to may, might be allowed to, be permitted to

Modal and Similar Expressions: Review

Practice: • What are some things you can do? • What are some things that you could do as a child? • I can touch my toes. • When I was a child, I could do back flips.

Logical Probability • Expresses the certainty of statement. There are different levels for this certainty. • Someone’s knocking. • That must be Sydney. • That will be Sydney. • That should be Sydney. • That may be Sydney. • That could/might be Sydney. High Certainty Low Certainty

Modal and Similar Expressions: Review

Prediction • Expresses the certainty of statement. There are different levels for this certainty. • What did the weatherman say? • It will rain tomorrow. • It should rain tomorrow. • It may rain tomorrow. • It could/might rain tomorrow. High Certainty Low Certainty

Modal and Similar Expressions: Review

Necessity • Expresses necessity, can be external or internal. • Internal: I have to see my doctor about this rash. • External: You must fill out the top of this form.

Modal and Similar Expressions: Review

Use (Social Functions) • Making Requests: • • Will / Would / Can/Could you help me with this math problem? Specific requests for permission: • May/Might / Can/Could I leave the room now?

Use (Social Functions) • Giving Advice • You must see a doctor • You should/ought to see a doctor • You might/could see a doctor More Urgent Less Urgent

Use (Social Functions) • Express Desire - would like to • Sarah would like to travel around the world. • Ralph would like an apple. • Offer/Invitation - would you like (to) • Would you like something to drink? • Would you like to dance?

Use (Social Functions) • Preference - would you rather (X than Y), would prefer to • Brad would rather study languages than mathematics. • Joe would prefer to go to school instead of working.