Mobilizing for War Chapter 23 Section 4 The

Mobilizing for War Chapter 23 Section 4

The Main Idea The outbreak of World War II spurred the mobilization of American military and industrial might.

How did the US armed forces mobilize to U. S. Armed Forces Mobilize fight WWII? w Once the United States entered the war, it had to Military Corps; mobilize, draft: or bring. Women’s its forces into. Army readiness. w In 1940 the government had begun to increase new military bases military spending. – This end get the Great Depression. and How didhelped the US the soldiers – Thousands found work ininfactories, making sailors needed to fight the war? supplies for the military. w Army Chief of Staff, General George C. Marshall 1940 expanded draft; many young men led the mobilization effort. volunteered. w In addition to equipment and supplies, the United States needed soldiers. w American women filled a variety of vital roles in the military. w New military bases were needed to train and house soldiers.

Finding Soldiers w The government expanded the draft, which had been reinstated in 1940. w Millions of young men volunteered. w Some 16 million Americans entered the armed forces.

How did WAVES help the war effort? Women By doing clerical work, thus freeing w 10, 000 joined the WAVES, a navy men for battle. program. How do you think increased military w 1, 000 joined the WASPs, an air force spending during 1940 -1941 contributed to program. ending the Great w 150, 000 served. Depression? in the WAC, an army New jobs in the defense industry and in program. military; pumped w Ovetamoney Culp Hobby ledinto theeconomy WACs; she was a of colonel. because increased government spending.

Military Bases Why did the military need so many new bases? w Most bases were built in rural Toareas. house and train millions of new w The military troops. bases transformed parts the United States. How did of military bases help transform the w California, southern US? Florida, and Texas became home to large numbers of Rural areas grew with the influx of young soldiers. people; economic development.

American Industry and Science in World War II w Troops needed proper equipment to fight What was a Liberty Ship? World War II. Factories that produced consumer A –quickly built cargo ship goods builtwere in converted to the production of military supplies. Henry Kaiser’s factories using – Roosevelt called for the production of new planes and tanks. assembly-line techniques. w War supplies had to be shipped overseas. Can anyone name something else Kaiser – Submarines took a terrible toll on American shipping. built before the War? – American shipyards turned out thousands of new Cars vessels to replace those lost during the war. – Henry Kaiser build the so-called liberty ships using assembly-line techniques.

World War II Advance in Medicine and American Industry and Technology What. Science role did American industry in World Warand II During Advances in medicine science. WWII play in mobilizing to fightand WWII? w Wartime helped agencies regulated what blood factories technology save lives. New produced, methods what prices they for could charge, transfusion allowed stored blood Factories to produce war supplies; and howbegan the nation’s raw materials could be to be used to stabilize wounded soldiers at the used. scientists worked to develop new front lines until they could bethe evacuated to w Producing supplies to fight war required weapons, including atomic bomb. hospitals. In addition, the development of many workers. helicopters withspending air evacuation w Government during equipment the war created new jobs. allowed formillions quickeroftransportation of wounded w Technology played an important role in soldiers from the battlefield. World War II.

Mobilizing Industry and Science Why do you think the character of Rosie the Riveter so important? w Factories neededwas workers at the same time men were leaving to join the Showed that women could do jobs armed forces. previously held the onlyproblem. by men. Millions w Women solved began to work outside the home in industrial jobs. w Working women of the war were represented by the symbolic figure known as Rosie the Riveter.

Labor in WWII w Many workers joined labor unions and the government was concerned about strikes. w The National War Labor Board was established in 1941 to help settle labor disputes. w The Smith-Connally Act passed in 1943.

Mobilizing Science Why was the Manhattan Project the most w The Manhattan Project began important science project of the war? top-secret to to build Thea US wanted tomission be the first buildanan atomic bomb. w Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer and other American scientists raced to develop this weapon ahead of the Germans.

Freedom at Home African Americans Challenges for Hispanic in the. Americans military workforce • Demand • Hundreds • Found jobs for ofinfarm thousands factories labor that led served to had the during been World War unavailable Bracero Program, II. to them before which gave the war Mexican workers the chance to work in the United • Theyfaced • Still brokediscrimination down barriers that had long States. blocked their way. • A. Philip Randolph called for a march • Tension over the increasing numbers of on Washington their unfair • They continuedtotoprotest face discrimination Hispanic workers led to the zoot suit (ex. Segregated units). treatment riots in June 1943.