Mlstofa A Assignment 2 A Presentation An Outline

Málstofa A: Assignment 2 A Presentation An Outline for an MA Theses Henry David Thoreau An Article on Transcendentalism Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Henry David Thoreau 1817 -1862 Thoreau can be labelled with many titles. A man of many faces. . . • • an author - an essayist a poet - a surveyor a naturalist a businessman – a tax resister – an abolitionist • a philosopher – a transcendentalist Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Henry David Thoreau Life • Thoreau was born in Concord Massachusetts on the 12 th of July in 1817 • He died there on the 6 th of May in 1862 Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Henry David Thoreau Education Concord Academy 1828 -1833 Harvard University 1833 -1837 Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Henry David Thoreau Life and Work • A teacher • A poet – an author - an essayist – a surveyor - a philosopher and a transcendentalist • A naturalist • A tax resister • An abolitionist • A businessman Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Literary Works Books Essays Walden. Thoreau's 1845 experiment in living well Civil Disobedience - Thoreau's influential 1849 essay on following your own conscience. Life without Principles - In 1854, Thoreau railed against a culture whose primary focus is financial. Slavery in Massachusetts - Also in 1854, Thoreau attacked the support of slavery in his home state. A Plea for Captain John Brown - Brown tried to ignite a slave rebellion; Thoreau responded in 1859. Succession of Forest Trees - 1860: "Convince me that you have a seed. . . I am prepared to expect wonders. " Walking - 1862: Thoreau describes "wildness" as a treasure to be preserved, rather than plundered. The Maine Woods – Three excursions to Maine in the 1840's and 50's Cape Codtrips to the Cape from 1849 to 1857 are narrated as a single visit A Yankee in Canada. An 1850 visit to Canada

Henry David Thoreau The Book Walden is a book about. . . • Thoreau’s retreat into a simple life in solitude in a small cabin at Walden Pond in 1845 -1847 • his research on man’s life in close connection with nature • built on Thoreau’s journals • an environmental philosophy a research on sustainable life • ideas that have attracted many people and still do Walden Pond – The Cabin Thoreau's sister, Sophia, drew this of his one room cabin at Walden Pond. Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Henry David Thoreau The Essay Civil Disobedience • Thoreau's influential 1849 essay on following your own conscience • written after Thoreau’s imprisonment after refusing to pay taxes • a protest against slavery and the Mexican- American War Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir • nonviolent resistance • civil resistance • respectful disagreement

Under the Influence of Civil Disobedience Mahatma Gandhi Martin Luther King Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Under the Influence of Civil Disobedience The Hippies of the Sixties Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

The American Transcendentalists The Contemporaries in Concord • • • R. W. Emerson N. Hawthorne B. Alcott L. M. Alcott H. D. Thoreau M. Fuller Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

A Quote from Susan Cheever’s book The American Bloomsbury “What was it about the time and place- the mid nineteenth century in a landlocked town west of Boston – that caused this sudden outbreak of genius? Was it a political climate so heated that 80% of the electorate turned out to vote? Was it that most of these people drank little, ate scant vegetarian diet, and were always terribly worried about money? Was it their devotion to family? Or was it just something in the air? ” Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

A Quote from Susan Cheever’s book The American Bloomsbury • Another quote from the same book where Dr. William Foege is cited : “Genius clusters may not be a random as genius may attract genius”. Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

American Transcendentalism • An American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson • A movement stimulated by German and English Romanticism • Operating with the sense that a new era was at hand Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

American Transcendentalism Background • • German philosophy English Romanticism Theological debates Social criticism Existential questions on: man (women) nature (earth) God (universe) Famous Philosophers: • Schleiermacher • Herder • Hume • Kant Famous English Romantics • S. T. Coleridge • T. Carlyle • W. Wordsworth Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Ireland – Thoreau 1870 – 1930 • Thoreau may have caught the interest of the Irish people because of their struggle to separate themselves from England, both politically and nationally. • Thoreau’s presentation of simplicity and freedom may have appealed to the Irish in their fight against the imperial and industrial England Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Ireland - Thoreau William Butler Yeats 1865 -1939 Under the Influence of Thoreau • familiar with Walden • The Lake Isle of Innisfree 1888 • a reflection of childhood residence in Sligo • has a direct reference to Walden Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Iceland - Thoreau Influence from Thoreau is to be seen in Iceland as well as worldwide It is to be seen in: • the arts • in the environmental movements • in the crave for sustainability • in political protests – the fight for social justice Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Icelandic Artists Under the Influence of Thoreau? Óskar Magnússon 1915 -1993 • an Icelandic eccentric • an example of civil protest • an example of a retreat into solitude and simple life • lived in the mountains in Hellisheiði • an example of a self-made artist • a weaver Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

Icelandic Artists Under the Influence of Thoreau? • • Hildur Hákonardóttir 1938 - an educated artist a weaver active in the sixties active in the movement for women’s rights retreated from the city a gardener a journal writer a true Thoreau candidate? Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir

The End Something to think about • Can the influence of Thoreau be seen in today’s people and places? • Are we are still asking the same questions as the Transcendentalists of the 19 th century? What is: man – nature – God? man – earth – universe? How does this all make a sense? Has man become the master of it all? Þorgerður Ásdís Jóhannsdóttir