MLA v APA The Showdown Which style MLA
- Slides: 19
MLA v. APA The Showdown
Which style? MLA • Used in literature, communications, and media APA • Used in medicine, social science, business, psychology, and economics • The one that English teachers prefer. Ugh. • The one you will probably use more in your life.
Title Page (not doing this) • Short title and page number in top right hand corner of every page. • Full title and writer’s name • Course w/ block # , Instructor’s name, and date handed in.
General Document Rules • • Margins: One inch on all sides (Preset) Font: 12 pt. Times New Roman Double Space Everything Spacing: Once after commas, colons, and semicolons in sentence; Twice after punctuation marks at the end of a sentence. • Alignment: Flush Left (Uneven right) • Citation: the page is called References, not Works Cited
Abstract • The Abstract is a self-contained, one paragraph explanation of the most important parts of the paper • It is on page 2 • Heading: "Abstract" (centered on the first line below the running head) • Brief (8 -10 sentences) • Content: Intro, Methods, Results, & Discussion
Sample Abstract
In-text Citation • The ideas and words of others must be formally acknowledged. • Documentation in-text should be the author and year. • Full citations can be found on the Reference page Some samples…
Authors referenced in sentence • Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a period of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was not statistically significant. • [Note: and is used when multiple authors are identified as part of the formal structure of the sentence. Compare this to the example in the following section. ]
When authors are not part of the sentence • Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Gartner, Larson, & Allen, 1991). • [Note: & is used when multiple authors are identified in parenthetical material. Note also that when several sources are cited parenthetically, they are ordered alphabetically by first authors' surnames and separated by semicolons. ]
If there are two authors, cite both every time.
Three or more authors… • When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. • When that source is cited again, the first author's surname and "et al. " are used. • Consider the following example: • Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). • Payne et al. (1991) showed that. . .
Electronic Sources • To cite a Web document, use the authordate format. • If no author is identified, use the first few words of the title in place of the author. • If no date is provided, use "n. d. " in place of the date. *See examples on next slide…
Electronic Examples • Degelman (2009) summarizes guidelines for the use of APA writing style. Changes in Americans' views of gender status differences have been documented (Gender and Society, n. d. ).
References • Begins on a new page • Heading: "References" (centered on the first line below the running head) • References are organized alphabetically by surnames of first author. • Invert authors’ names (last name followed by initials) – EX: Smith, J. Q. • The citation makers will format correctly, but for tips, check out: – http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Sample Reference Page
Web Site Citation • Example: 1” Margin Garth, P. E. (2004). Research advances in the nursing sciences. Retrieved from http: //www. cc. gatech. edu/gvu/usersurveys/ survey 1997 -10/ Hanging indent. Double spaced. 1” Margin
Additional Examples • Journal Article with DOI Yu, H. , Zhou, Y. -J. , Li, G. -X. , Zhang, G. -H. , Liu, H. -L. , Yan, . . . & 1” Margin Tong, G. -Z. (2009). Further evidence for infection of pigs with human-like influenza viruses in China. Virus Research, 140, 85– 90. doi: 10. 1016/j. virusres. 2008. 11. 008 • In-text: – Yu et al. (2009) discovered that. . – It was discovered that. . . (Yu et al. , 2009). 1” Margin
Additional Examples • No Date • In-text: – In the text by Rosenthal (n. d. ). . –. . . (Rosenthal, n. d. ).
APA Checklist • The Basics – Font 12 Times New Roman – 1” Margins – Double Spaced • Pages – Body Pages – References • Running Header and page number (with your name) • Reviewed in-text citations • Reviewed References page (At least 5 sources)
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