MLA Documentation Intext citations citing sources appropriately corresponding

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MLA Documentation In-text citations, citing sources appropriately, corresponding to the Works Cited

MLA Documentation In-text citations, citing sources appropriately, corresponding to the Works Cited

When to Cite Sources in the Paper o Whenever you quote from a source.

When to Cite Sources in the Paper o Whenever you quote from a source. o When borrowing ideas from a source, even when you use your own words by paraphrasing or summarizing. o When you borrow factual information from a source that is not common knowledge.

The Common Knowledge Exception o Facts that are widely known and about which there

The Common Knowledge Exception o Facts that are widely known and about which there is no controversy. n n IE: Major dates in history, famous people and their accomplishments (Neil Armstrong/moon), the Superbowl occurs toward the end of January. When in doubt, cite the source.

The Basics of In-text Citations o As close as possible to the borrowed material,

The Basics of In-text Citations o As close as possible to the borrowed material, indicate in parentheses the original source and the page number in the work that material came from. o Period comes after the parenthesis. o No comma between author and page. Quotation marks (when directly quoting) are before the parenthetical citation. o

Example n From the very beginning of Sesame Street in 1969, kindergarten teachers discovered

Example n From the very beginning of Sesame Street in 1969, kindergarten teachers discovered that incoming students who had watched the program already knew their ABCs (Chira 13).

Example Explicated o o The parenthetical tells readers two things: n The info about

Example Explicated o o The parenthetical tells readers two things: n The info about Sesame Street came from somewhere other than the writer…in this case Chira. n The ideas came from page 13 in Chira’s work The full bibliographic information appears on the Works Cited page at the end of the essay n Chira, Susan. “Sesame Street At 20: Taking Stock. ” New York Times 15 Nov. 1989: 13.

Example o “One thing is clear, ” writes Thomas Mallon, “plagiarism didn’t become a

Example o “One thing is clear, ” writes Thomas Mallon, “plagiarism didn’t become a truly sore point with writers until they thought of writing as their trade […] Suddenly his capital and identity were at stake” (3 -4).

Notices o Author’s last name omitted in parenthesis because it appeared in the narrative.

Notices o Author’s last name omitted in parenthesis because it appeared in the narrative. o Ellipsis […] used when parts of the original quotation are left out.

When there is No Author o o Some sources are anonymous Cite the first

When there is No Author o o Some sources are anonymous Cite the first word/words that appear on the Works Cited…typically the article title Truncate the title if it is long to the first few key words Include page number

Example of No Author o Example: Simply put, public relations is “doing good and

Example of No Author o Example: Simply put, public relations is “doing good and getting credit” for it (“Getting Yours” 3). o The Works Cited entry is as follows: n “Getting Yours: A Publicity and Funding Primer for Nonprofit Organizations. ” People 32. 1 (2002): 3 -12.

When there are multiple works by the same author o Parenthetical citation that lists

When there are multiple works by the same author o Parenthetical citation that lists only author and page number is not enough to distinguish. o Include author’s name, abbreviated title, and page number.

Example of Multiple Works by Same Author o o The thing that distinguishes the

Example of Multiple Works by Same Author o o The thing that distinguishes the amateur from the experienced writer is focus; one “rides off in all directions at once, ” and the other finds one meaning around which everything revolves (Murray, Write to Learn 92). Notice: a comma between name and title, but no comma between title and page

General Guidelines for Documenting Sources o Lead-ins o Multiple Authors o No Page Numbers

General Guidelines for Documenting Sources o Lead-ins o Multiple Authors o No Page Numbers

Lead-ins (better known as author tags) o The first time a source is cited,

Lead-ins (better known as author tags) o The first time a source is cited, use a narrative lead-in n n o Give the author’s full name and credentials Current title/position, level of expertise, background Boosts ethos Once established, the last name only is sufficient Lead-in can come at the beginning, the middle, or the end.

Multiple Authors o o If source has more than one author, list them in

Multiple Authors o o If source has more than one author, list them in the same order that appears on Works Cited Ex: Herman, Brown, and Martel predict dramatic changes in the earth’s climate in the next 200 years.

No Page Numbers o o Many internet cites don’t have page numbers; DO NOT

No Page Numbers o o Many internet cites don’t have page numbers; DO NOT NUMBER PAGES YOURSELF. PDF files often have them, but HTML files don’t Just list the author or title in the parenthetical. Will need to take special care when framing sources that don’t have page #s.

Example without Page Numbers o It is now theoretically possible to recreate an identical

Example without Page Numbers o It is now theoretically possible to recreate an identical creature from any animal or plant by using the DNA contained in the nucleus of any somatic cell (Thomas).