MLA 8 0 Using MLA Style to Avoid

MLA 8. 0 Using MLA Style to Avoid Plagiarism & Other Forms of Academic Dishonesty Spring 2017 Alexander College Writing & Learning Centres

Academic Integrity § Citations are mandatory for all academic papers and presentations. § If you submit any paper, even a rough draft without citations, it still counts as plagiarism § You will be penalised for this: § Zero on the assignment § Academic Alert § In the worst cases, a student may be placed on probation, suspended, or expelled from the college.

Cite as You Write! § “Cite as you Write” is a good way to avoid an academic alert. § We recommend including citations in your research notes and essay outlines as well as the rough and final draft of any essay.

Giving Credit Where Credit is Due § Even we got help to make this presentation. § To put this together, we received help from: MLA Handbook. 8 th ed. The Modern Language Association of America, 2016.

Learning Outcomes for This Workshop: This workshop will NOT make you an expert in MLA. This is what we do expect by the end of the workshop: 1. You will be familiar with MLA citation and style guidelines. 2. You will be able to successfully cite your sources in-text by using the MLA Style guide. 3. You will be able to successfully write a Works Cited list of your research sources using the MLA Style guide.

Turn to page 2 in your Style Guide

§ MLA (Modern Language Association) § MLA style is commonly used in the liberal arts and humanities (including English). § MLA style is more than citations § It also refers to how the paper is set up § The next slides outline key features of MLA style § These are essential elements for the papers you hand in at AC § Failure to comply with these guidelines will cost you marks

Turn to page 3 in your Style Guide

Page 1 Your family name and page number in upper right corner of the page header. Your name, your instructor’s name, course, date you submit your paper. Title is Centred above the essay. The entire essay is DOUBLE-SPACED, LETTER size paper not A 4 • ½ inch first line indent on body paragraphs • 1” margins on all sides, • 12 pt. Legible Font (some instructors prefer Times New Roman). • 1 space between sentences Wong 1 Sam Wong Prof. Garrett Peck English 100 29 October 2014 Legalizing Prostitution in Canada Several European countries have had legalised prostitution for a few decades now. They note a drop in crime, particularly sexual assault against sex workers and the spread of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. Therefore, it would be better for Canadian society if we adopted one of

What To Cite: Direct Quotes: When you are using the author(s) own words. The exact words should be in “quotations”. Paraphrase & Summaries: This is when you are putting what the author has said into your own words. You still have to cite because the original ideas or research belong to someone else. Using an Idea: Even though this is in your own words, you still have to cite because the original ideas or research belong to someone else.

Where to Cite A citation must appear in two places in your essay: 1. The body of your text (in-text citations). 2. Works Cited: At the end of your essay provide a full list of all your sources, in alphabetical order, according to the authors’ family names.

Recognising “Last Names” § In the West, we refer to family names as “last names” and the familiar name people get called as the “first name”. § One of our teacher’s is named Erika. § Her last name (family name) is Scott. § Our Vancouver Librarian’s first name is Scott. § His last name (family name) is Marsden. § In the West, the usual order of names is: § Erika Scott and Scott Marsden.

Inverting names: To invert means to change the order of the last name and first name. Erika Scott becomes Scott, Erika. Scott Marsden becomes Marsden, Scott. Note: in MLA , only the FIRST AUTHOR’S NAME is inverted in the Works Cited entry.

§ The inverted order of names is: § Scott, Erika and Marsden, Scott Notice the comma separating the names. § So, if Erika and Scott got together and wrote a book, the in-text citation would look like this: § (Scott and Marsden 42) § In Works Cited, the names would appear like this: § Scott, Erika and Scott Marsden.

Turn to page 6 in your Style Guide

MLA Style In-text citations: The Basics § This is the basic format for all in-text citations § The author’s FAMILY name/s and the page or pages are placed in a bracket after a direct quote, summary, or paraphrase like this: One author Two authors (Smith 22) (Grey and Harper 20) Three or more authors (Black et al 100) § There is no punctuation inside the brackets. § Editor(s) names are not cited in-text, except in rare instances

In-text citations: Secondary or Indirect Sources § Sometimes you may have a source that is quoting someone else. § Academic articles often cite other studies. § Only cite YOUR SOURCE in Works Cited. § In-text, cite the material using “qtd. in” and your source.

Secondary or Indirect Source Francois Olivier said, “The higher the monkey climbs, the more he shows his ass” (qtd. in Saul 2). In Works Cited, cite YOUR source only. Saul, John Ralston. The Doubter’s Companion – A Dictionary of Aggressive Common Sense. Viking, 1994.

In-text citations: 2 Authors (writing together) § When you have 2 authors, use the FAMILY names of both authors in the bracket the first time. § (Groarke and Tinsdale 33) § Include just the page numbers for consecutive citations. §Note: MLA does NOT allow the use of ‘&’ §There is no punctuation inside the brackets.

MLA In-text citations: 3+Authors (writing together) § When you have 3 or more authors, use the FAMILY name of the first author, followed by the Latin phrase et al. in the bracket the first time. § (Guerin et al. 2) § Only cite the page numbers in consecutive citations.

Consecutive Citation Despite the fact that she has been practicing her yoga mantra for more than two years she says it does not successfully guide her into meditation (Gilbert 133). No matter how often she tries, she does not find the mantra useful. Indeed, she complains that it “doesn’t sit comfortably in my head” and “actually gets stuck in my throat” (133).

Basic format for in-text citations: One author (Grey 22) Two authors (Smith and Harper 21) Three or more authors (Black et al. 100) Indirect source (qtd. in Forbes 202) (qtd. in Frank et al. 1094)

What if you don’t know the author? This is common for website articles (but sometimes for other types of sources as well).

What to do if you don’t know the author 1. Make sure the website is reliable 2. IF an author is listed, then follow the same intext citation format for any source where there is an author. 3. When no author is identified, use the title of the website section or article, in quotation marks in the brackets. § E. g. (“The Daily – Suicide Rates”).

This is the title of the article. This article does not have an author, but some webpage articles do. Always cite the author.

In-text citations: Review One author (Smith 21) Two authors (Grey and Marks 22) Three or more authors (May et al. 200) Indirect source (qtd. in Bowen 199) No author known (usually (“Weather in Canada”) website article)

Turn to page 7 in your Style Guide

Works Cited: Basics § Works Cited is double spaced, LETTER SIZE PAPER § ½” (1. 27 cm) hanging indent § All online sources must include a stable URL or DOI § Articles downloaded from data-bases, even the pdfs, are considered online sources. § Authors are listed alphabetically by the FAMILY name of the FIRST AUTHOR listed on the source. § Only the first author’s name is inverted

Now, let’s take a look at how to cite different kinds of sources, beginning with online sources Turn to page 9 in your Style Guide

Article from Database § The Name of Data base and the name of the journal or e-book are italicised in Works Cited § Articles from data bases are classified as online sources even if you download and print them. § We recommend using pdf/full text formats whenever possible. § Use the page numbers in the pdfs in your in-text citations and Works Cited § You can omit the “http” from the URL.

In-text citation: Article from Database (Youmans 750) ( Last name Page Number )

Article from Database – Work Cited Youmans, Robert J. “Does The Adoption Of Plagiarism. Hanging indent. 5” Author’s name, inverted. “Article Title”. Detection Software In Higher Education Reduce Volume and issue #, Page Range. Plagiarism? ” Studies In Higher Education, vol. 36, no. 7, Date, Journal Title, 2011, pp. 749 -761. Academic Search Premier, Database Name, 184. 71. 180. 254/login? url=http: //search. ebscohost. com/login. URL or DOI aspx? direct=true&db=a 9 h&AN=67457522&site=edslive&scope=site. Accessed 13 Jul. 2016. Your Access Date.

Online newspapers or magazines

In-text citation: Online newspaper or magazine (Calabresi) ( Last name § No pg. # ) No page numbers are listed here because online newspapers and magazines do not usually have page numbers.

Online newspapers and magazines Work Cited Calabresi, Massimo. “Edward Snowden and the NSA Hanging indent. 5” Author(s) FAMILY name, First name. “Article Title”. can both be right. ” Time, 3 Jul. 2014, Magazine Title, Last Update, time. com/2953495/edward-snowden-privacy. URL or DOI nsa/. Accessed 5 Jul. 2014. Your Access Date.

Website Basics § Treat sections of the website like articles § Include the website Name as well as the title of the section § List the publisher, if available § Include a publication, or last updated date §You may have to search the website publication information. § MLA requires URL’s for websites § Start with www. , leave off the http: // § Include your date of access

Websites This is the URL for the article This is the title of the article. This article does not have an author, but some webpage articles do. Always cite the author. Look for “last update” or “date posted” or similar wording; if no date is listed for the article, then use n. d. , not the copyright

In text citation: Websites articles (no author) (“What is Childhood Leukemia? ”) ( Title of article )

Work Cited “What is Childhood Leukemia? ” Canadian Cancer Hanging indent. 5” “Article Title”. Website Title. Society. n. d. , http: //www. cancer. ca/en/cancer. Last Update, URL. information/cancer-type/leukemia- childhood/childhood-leukemia/? region=bc. Accessed 9 May 2017. Your Access Date.

Turn to page 14 in your Style Guide

In-text citation: Book (1 author) (Mc. Call Smith 10) ( Last name Page number )

Work Cited: Book (1 author) Author’s name, inverted Title of Book. Hanging indent. 5” Mc. Call Smith, Alexander. The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency. Penguin Books, 2006. Publisher, Year.

Turn to page 16 in your Style Guide

In-text citations: Anthology § When citing from an anthology follow the same rules for in-text citations we have already covered: § Author(s) family name(s) followed by the page number(s). § Editors are NOT cited in-text unless you are quoting from text that was written by the editor(s).

Anthologies – Example The narrator of “The Invalid’s Story” was once an athletic man in vigorous health who now describes himself as being “but a shadow” of what he once was (Clemens 305). § This is from a short story written by Samuel Clemens. § Our source for this story is the Norton Anthology of Short Fiction, edited by Richard Bausch and R. V. Cassill. § Note that Clemens is cited, not the editors.

Print: Anthologies In-text Citation (Clemens 305) ( Last name Page number )

Print: Anthologies Author’s name, inverted. “Article or Story Title”. Clemens, Samuel. “The Invalid’s Story. ” The Norton Hanging indent. 5” Anthology Title. Anthology of Short Fiction, 7 th ed. , edited by edition, edited by Richard Bausch and R. V. Cassill, W. W. Norton edited by [names not inverted] Publisher, and Company, 2006, pp. 304 -309. Year, pp. [page range].

Turn to page 16 in your Style Guide

In-text citations: Organisations or Groups as Authors § When the organisation writes and publishes the book, cite the document by its title (remember to use italics). § (Profiling 4) § (Microsoft Guide 16 -17) § When the organisation is the author only, (someone else is the publisher) cite the organisation and the page number(s) § (Education Testing Service 4)

Works Cited: Organisations or Groups as Authors § When the organisation is author and publisher: Hanging indent. 5” Profiling Canada’s Families II. The Vanier Institute of the Book Title. Organisation Name [Publisher], Family, 2000. Year. § When the organisation is the author only: Educational Testing Service. The Official Guide to the Book Title, Organisation Name [Author], TOEFL Test, 3 rd ed. , Mc. Graw-Hill, 2009. edition, Publisher, Year.

Print Magazines & Newspapers In-Text Citation (Teitel 68) (“The Editorial: So What” 5) Sometimes we don’t know the author of a print article, put the title of the article then the page number.

Print Magazines & Newspapers Teitel, Emma. “Bullied to death. ” Maclean’s, Hanging indent. 5” Author’s name, inverted. “Article title. ” Publication Title, 29 Oct. Publication Date, 2012, pp. 68 -70. pp. [Full page range]. “The Editorial: So What if Millennials Won’t Leave the “Article title. ” Nest? There’s Ample Reason to Understand, and Little Reason to Panic. ” Maclean’s, 4 Jul. 2016, p. 5. Publication Title, Publication Date, p. [page #].

Turn to page 19 in your Style Guide

In-text Citations: Films Jobs’ tone changes when he sees what Lisa has created on the Mac computer. His tone changes, he capitulates and agrees to more support for his child, “I’ll put some money in your account” (Steve Jobs 00: 22: 28) (Title hr: min: sec). For a scene spanning several seconds use a time range: For example: (00: 22: 21 – 00: 24: 15)

Works Cited: Films Wanted. Directed by Timur Bekmambetov, performances by Hanging indent. 5” Title. Key Contributors, [names are NOT inverted], Morgan Freeman, Angelina Jolie and James Mc. Avoy, Universal, 2008. Studio, Year. Steve Jobs. 2015. Directed by Danny Boyle, performance by Hanging indent. 5” Title. Year [theatrical release]. Key Contributors, [names are NOT inverted], Michael Fassbender, Universal Studios Home Blu-Ray/DVD distributor Entertainment, 2016. Year [Blu-Ray/DVD release].

Turn to pages 24 & 25 in your Style Guide Take note of the formatting of the Works Cited Page!

Works Cited Calabresi, Massimo. “Edward Snowden and the NSA can both be right. ” Time, 3 Jul. 2014, time. com/2953495/edward-snowden-privacy-nsa/. Accessed 5 Jul. 2014. Clemens, Samuel. “The Invalid’s Story. ” The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction, 7 th ed. , edited by Richard Bausch and R. V. Cassill, W. W. Norton and Company, 2006, pp. 304 -309. “The Editorial: So What if Millennials Won’t Leave the Nest? There’s Ample Reason to Understand, and Little Reason to Panic. ” Maclean’s, 4 Jul. 2016, p. 5. Profiling Canada’s Families II. The Vanier Institute of the Family, 2000. Steve Jobs. 2015. Directed by Danny Boyle, performance by Michael Fassbender, Universal Studios Home Entertainment, 2016. “What is Childhood Leukemia? ” Canadian Cancer Society. n. d. , http: //www. cancer. ca/en/cancerinformation/cancer-type/leukemia-childhood/childhood-leukemia/? region=bc. Accessed 9 May 2017. Youmans, Robert J. “Does The Adoption Of Plagiarism-Detection Software In Higher Education Reduce Plagiarism? ” Studies In Higher Education, vol. 36, no. 7, 2011, pp. 749 -761. Academic Search Premier, 184. 71. 180. 254/login? url=http: //search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a 9 h&AN=67457522&sit e=eds-live&scope=site. Accessed 13 Jul. 2016.