MLA 8 0 Using MLA Style to Avoid

MLA 8. 0 Using MLA Style to Avoid Plagiarism & Other Forms of Academic Dishonesty Summer 2016 Alexander College Writing & Learning Centres

Academic Integrity § Citations are mandatory for all academic papers and presentations. § If you submit any paper, even a rough draft without citations, it still counts as plagiarism § You will be penalised for this: § Zero on the assignment § Academic Alert § In the worst cases, a student may be placed on probation or expelled from the college.

Giving Credit Where Credit is Due § Even we got help to make this presentation. § To put this together, we received help from: MLA Handbook. 8 th ed. The Modern Language Association of America, 2016.

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What is MLA Style? • MLA (Modern Language Association) • MLA style is commonly used in the liberal arts and humanities (including English). • MLA style is more than citations • It also refers to how the paper is set up • The next slides outline key features of MLA style • These are essential elements for the papers you hand in at AC • Failure to comply with these guidelines will cost you marks

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Your family name and page number in upper right corner of the page header. Your name, your instructor’s name, course, date you submit your paper. Title is Centred above the essay. The entire essay is DOUBLE-SPACED, • ½ inch first line indent on body paragraphs • 1” margins on all sides, • 12 pt. Times New Roman Font • 1 space between sentences Page 1 Wong 1 Sam Wong Prof. Garrett Peck English 100 29 October 2014 Legalizing Prostitution in Canada Several European countries have had legalised prostitution for a few decades now. They note a drop in crime, particularly sexual assault against sex workers and the spread of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. Therefore, it would be better for Canadian society if we adopted one of

What To Cite: Direct Quotes: When you are using the author(s) own words. The exact words should be in “quotations”. Paraphrase & Summaries: This is when you are putting what the author has said into your own words. You still have to cite because the original ideas or research belong to someone else. Using an Idea: Even though this is in your own words, you still have to cite because the original ideas or research belong to someone else.

Where to Cite • A citation must appear in two places in your essay: 1. The body of your text (in-text citations). 2. Works Cited: At the end of your essay provide a full list of all your sources, in alphabetical order, according to the authors’ family names.

Recognising “Last Names” § In the West, we refer to family names as “last names” and the familiar name people get called as the “first name”. § One of our teacher’s is named Erika. § Her last name (family name) is Scott. § Our Vancouver Librarian’s first name is Scott. § His last name (family name) is Marsden. § In the West, the usual order of names is: § Erika Scott and Scott Marsden

Recognising “Last Names” § The inverted order of names is: § Scott, Erika and Marsden, Scott Notice the comma separating the names. § So, if Erika and Scott got together and wrote a book, the in-text citation would look like this: § (Scott and Marsden 42) § In Works Cited, the names would appear like this: § Scott, Erika and Scott Marsden. Note: in MLA , only the FIRST AUTHOR’S NAME is inverted in the Works Cited entry.

Cite as You Write! § “Cite as you Write” is a good way to avoid an academic alert. § We recommend including citations in your research notes and essay outlines as well as the rough and final draft of any essay.

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MLA Style In-text citations: The Basics § This is the basic format for all in-text citations § The author’s FAMILY name and the page or pages are placed in a bracket after a direct quote, summary, or paraphrase like this: § (Gilbert 95) or (Gilbert 99 -102) § There is no punctuation inside the brackets. § Editor(s) names are not cited in-text, except in rare instances

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In-text citations: Secondary or Indirect Sources § Sometimes you may have a source that is quoting someone else. § For papers on topics in Sociology, Psychology, and Biology, you often discover the research results of one study (or several studies) being quoted in another. § Only cite YOUR SOURCE in Works Cited. § In-text, cite the material using “qtd. in” and your source.

Secondary or Indirect Source Francois Olivier said, “The higher the monkey climbs, the more he shows his ass” (qtd. in Saul 2). In Works Cited, cite YOUR source only. Saul, John Ralston. The Doubter’s Companion – A Dictionary of Aggressive Common Sense. Toronto: Viking, 1994. Print.

Works Cited: Basics § Works Cited is double spaced § ½” (1. 27 cm) hanging indent § MLA notes the different types of sources § Articles downloaded from data-bases or from the digital versions of print magazines, newspapers, etc. are considered online sources even though you have a printed version and may have page numbers. § Authors names are followed by the title of the work and then the publication information § The publication information varies depending on the source type.

In-text Citations: 1 Author Direct Quote Without the “control group it would be impossible to know what percentage is reporting relief due to a placebo effect rather than to the efficacy of the drug itself” (Stanovich 57). Referring to the Author in your essay The placebo effect is pretty common place. Stanovich cites the main characters from The Wizard of Oz as an example: the tin man, the scarecrow and the lion all feel better even though the wizard didn’t actually give them the heart, brain, and courage they asked for (57).

Books: Basic Format Author’s name, inverted Title of Book. Hanging indent. 5” Gilbert, Elizabeth. Eat, Pray, Love. Penguin Books, 2006. Publisher, Year.

In-text citations: 2 Authors (writing together) § When you have 2 authors, use the FAMILY names of both authors in the bracket the first time. § (Groarke and Tinsdale 33) § Include just the page numbers for consecutive citations. § Note: MLA does NOT allow the use of ‘&’ § There is no punctuation inside the brackets.

MLA In-text citations: 3+Authors (writing together) § When you have 3 or more authors, use the FAMILY name of the first author, followed by the Latin phrase et al. in the bracket the first time. § (Guerin et al. 2) § Only cite the page numbers in consecutive citations.

So… When you know the Author(s) § When you know the name(s) of the author(s), the basic format for in-text citations is the same: § § (Smith 99) (Smith and Jones 109) (Wong et al. 116) (qtd. in Smith 95)

In-text citations: Anthology § When citing from an anthology follow the same rules for in-text citations we have already covered: § Author(s) family name(s) followed by the page number(s). § Editors are NOT cited in-text unless you are quoting from text that was written by the editor(s).

Anthologies – Example The narrator of “The Invalid’s Story” was once an athletic man in vigorous health who now describes himself as being “but a shadow” of what he once was (Clemens 305). § This is from a short story written by Samuel Clemens. § Our source for this story is the Norton Anthology of Short Fiction, edited by Richard Bausch and R. V. Cassill. § Note that Clemens is cited, not the editors.

Print: Anthologies Author’s name, inverted. “Article or Story Title”. Clemens, Samuel. “The Invalid’s Story. ” The Norton Hanging indent. 5” Book Title. Edition, Anthology of Short Fiction. 7 th ed. , edited by [names not inverted] Publisher, Richard Bausch and R. V. Cassill, W. W. Norton and Company, 2006, pp. 304 -309. Year, pp. [page range].

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In-text citations: Organisations or Groups as Authors § When the organisation writes and publishes the book, cite the document by its title. § (Profiling 4) § (Microsoft Guide 16 -17) § When the organisation is the author only, cite the organisation and the page number(s) § (Education Testing Service 4) § (BC Ministry of Education 16 -17)

Works Cited: Organisations or Groups as Authors § When the organisation writes and publishes the book: Book Title. Organisation Name [Publisher], Profiling Canada’s Families II. The Vanier Year. Institute of the Family, 2000. § When the organisation is the author only, cite the organisation and the page number(s) Organisation Name [Author], Book Title. Educational Testing Service. The Official Guide to Publisher, Year. the TOEFL Test. 3 rd ed. Mc. Graw-Hill, 2009.

Print Magazines & Newspapers Author’s name, inverted. “Article title. ” Publication Title, Hanging indent. 5” Teitel, Emma. “Bullied to death. ” Maclean’s, Publication Date, 29 pp. [Full page range]. Oct. 2012, pp. 68 -70. “Article title. ” “The Editorial: So What if Millenials Won’t Leave the Nest? There’s Ample Reason to Understand, and Little Reason to Panic. ” Maclean’s, 4 Jul. 2016, p. 5 Publication Title, Publication Date, p. [page #].

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Article from Database §The Name of Data base AND the name of the journal or e-book are italicised in Works Cited §Articles from data bases are classified as “Web” even if you download and print them. §We recommend using pdf/full text formats whenever possible. §Use the page numbers in the pdfs in your in-text and Works Cited entries

Article from Database Author’s name, inverted. “Article Title”. Youmans, Robert J. "Does The Adoption Of Plagiarism. Detection Software In Higher Education Reduce Volume and issue #, Journal Title, Plagiarism? ” Studies In Higher Education, vol. 36, Publication Date, Page Range. Database Name, no. 7, 2011, pp. 749 -761. Academic Search Premier, URL or DOI http: //184. 71. 180. 254/login? url=http: //search. ebsc ohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a 9 h&AN=6 Your Access Date. 7457522&site=eds-live&scope=site. Accessed 13 Jul. 2016.

Online newspapers and magazines Author(s) FAMILY name, First name. “Article Title”. Hanging indent. 5” Calabresi, Massimo. “Edward Snowden and the Magazine Title, Last Update, NSA can both be right”. Time, 3 Jul. 2014, URL or DOI http: //time. com/2953495/edward-snowden. Your Access Date. privacy-nsa/. Accessed 5 Jul. 2014.

Website Basics § Treat sections of the website like articles § Include the website NAME as the title of your source § List the publisher, if available § Include a publication, or last updated date § You may have to search the website publication information. § Include your date of access § Only include the URL if your instructor requires it.

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Websites https: //www. cancer. ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/? region=bc This is the URL for the article This is the title of the article. This article does not have an author, but some webpage articles do. Always cite the author. Look for “last update” or “date posted” or similar wording; if no date is listed for the article, then use n. d. , not the copyright

In-Text Citations, Websites 1. Make sure the website is reliable 2. IF an author is listed, then follow the same intext citation format for any source where there is an author. 3. When no author is identified, use the title of the website section or article, in quotation marks in the brackets. § E. g. (“The Daily – Suicide Rates”).

Works Cited: Website Articles “Article Title”. Website Title. Hanging indent. 5” “What is Childhood Leukemia. ” Canadian Cancer Society. n. d. , Last Update, http: //www. cancer. ca/en/cancer- URL. information/cancer-type/leukemiachildhood/childhood-leukemia/? region=bc. Accessed 13 Jul. 2016. Your Access Date.

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In-text Citations: Movies Jobs’ tone changes when he sees what Lisa has created on the Mac computer. He tone changes, he capitulates and agrees to more support for his child, “I’ll put some money in your account” (Steve Jobs 00: 22: 28) (Title hr: min: sec).

Works Cited: Movies Title. Key Contributors, [names are NOT inverted], Wanted. Directed by Timur Bekmambetov, performances by Morgan Freeman, Angelina Studio, Year. Jolie and Jams Mc. Avoy, Universal, 2008. Title. Year [theatrical release]. Steve Jobs. 2015. Directed by Danny Boyle, Key Contributors, [names are NOT inverted], performance by Michael Fasbender, Universal Studios Home Entertainment, 2016. Blu-Ray/DVD distributor Year [Blu-Ray/DVD release].

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Plays – Print Copies Here are the guidelines for citing print copies plays: § If it is a stand-alone copy of a play, then cite it in-text and in Works Cited by the author(s) the same way you cite a book. § If the play is part of a collection (anthology), then cite it in-text and in Works Cited using the same citation style for an anthology.

Plays – Live Performances When it’s a live performance, the emphasis is on the DIRECTOR of the production, not the author of the play. § There is no in-text citation for live performances. § Refer to the performance in the body of your essay, noting both author and the director. Example: Director David Johnson’s interpretation of Ibsen’s classic play, The Doll House, gives us an updated, post-modern look into the life of a contemporary housewife struggling to find meaning in her existence.

Works Cited: Plays, Live Performance Director’s name is inverted, director. Play Title, Wright, Johanna, director. The Merry Wives Key performer(s), of Windsor, performances by Katey Wright, Amber Lewis and Ashley Wright, Production Company, Bard on the Beach Shakespeare Festival, Vancouver, 22 Jul. 2016. Live Perf. Location, Performance Date. Media.

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